计算机科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (7): 233-237.doi: 10.11896/j.issn.1002-137X.2019.07.035
张琳娜1,陈建强1,陈晓玲1,岑翼刚2,阚世超2
ZHANG Lin-na1,CHEN Jian-qiang1,CHEN Xiao-ling1,CEN Yi-gang2,KAN Shi-chao2
摘要： 车辆和行人检测是高级辅助驾驶(ADAS)中最基本也是研究最广泛的内容,而深度学习算法是当前性能最好的目标检测算法。然而,深度学习算法的计算量非常大,通常需要高性能的GPU显卡才能快速运行。在实际使用中,目标检测算法一般要求集成到车辆硬件系统中,因此算法对硬件资源的要求不能太高。基于SSD网络,提出一种轻量级的SSD网络,用于实时目标检测。通过减小输入图像的大小以及全连接层节点数量,减少网络复杂度,提升目标实时检测速度。计算量减少将导致检测车辆和行人的准确率下降,因此提出多级损失函数监督训练方法,来解决输入图像缩小而引发的图像损失及在反向传播过程中不能有效更新VGG中浅层卷积层参数等问题。此外,提出一种基于多尺度图像分块的训练数据集扩充方法,以解决图像缩放产生的形变及图像缩小后目标可能消失的问题。实验结果表明,采用所提出的轻量级SSD网络,不但实现了笔记本电脑上的车辆和行人检测的实时性,也保持了检测准确率。对比其他目标检测算法,优化后的网络对行车视频中车辆和行人的检测速度优于其他算法,且在获得相同准确率的同时消耗的电量更少。
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