计算机科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (9): 143-149.doi: 10.11896/j.issn.1002-137X.2019.09.020
薛玲玲, 樊秀梅
XUE Ling-ling, FAN Xiu-mei
摘要: 目前的频谱分配机制主要采用固定分配模式,随着无线网络的快速发展,有限的频谱资源已经难以满足通信需求,因此采用认知无线电技术解决频谱资源短缺问题是一种有效的解决方案,而认知频谱的分配是提高频谱利用率的关键技术。文中基于车联网这个特定应用来研究认知频谱的分配机制,提出了一种基于分簇结构的三步式认知频谱分配机制,其中空闲频谱拥有者为授权用户,路口固定单元为簇首节点,认知车辆为簇内普通节点。该认知频谱分配机制的第一步是判断网络当前的负载状态,只有当重载或超重载时才启动认知频谱机制;第二步是采用基于交通拥堵优先级定价的频谱分配算法进行授权用户与簇首节点间的频谱分配,在授权用户获取一定收益的同时,保证簇首总频谱效用最大;第三步是采用基于消息优先级的均衡价格的频谱分配算法进行簇内用户的频谱分配,利用簇首与簇内不同节点的效用函数,推导簇内供求函数,同时结合市场均衡原理,求出最佳簇内频谱单价。从分配的频谱数和频谱收益两方面分析仿真结果可知,簇内采用的基于消息优先级的均衡价格的频谱分配算法优于无优先级的,簇间采用的基于交通拥堵优先级定价的频谱分配算法优于平均分配的。仿真结果充分表明,采用所提出的认知频谱分配机制分配的频谱数基本符合实际用户的频谱需求量,提高了频谱收益和频谱利用率,保证了安全消息的优先传输。
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