计算机科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (1): 302-308.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.181202390
张向阳1,孙子文1,2
ZHANG Xiang-yang1,SUN Zi-wen1,2
摘要: 针对射频识别(Radio Frequency Identification,RFID)安全问题中的加密技术,设计了自动纠错CRO PUF密钥生成方案。该方案将数字通信系统中重复码的纠错思想应用到可配置环形振荡器物理不可克隆函数(Configurable Ring-oscillator Physical Unclonable Function,CRO PUF)结构中,对相邻CRO的最终振荡频率进差行分运算得到3位输出响应值,然后对输出响应值进行纠错处理,得到一位自动纠错CRO PUF输出信息,从而实现CRO PUF电路自动纠错;利用模糊提取器中注册阶段和重构阶段的纠错码编解码技术的纠错特性来纠正复现输出信息向量存在的比特跳变误差,然后使用Hash模块对纠错后的PUF复现输出信息向量进行数据加密以生成密钥。基于Linux系统,利用Cadence virtuoso中specture环境下的TSMCO 0.18um,1.8V CMOS0工艺库对自动纠错CRO PUF电路进行Monte Carlo模拟仿真,使用MATLAB对PUF电路复现输出信息向量进行模糊提取器处理。由仿真实验数据可得,自动纠错CRO PUF电路在电源电压影响下的最高、最低可靠性分别为98.96%和92.71%;在温度影响下的最高、最低可靠性分别为99.10%和93.75%。实验结果表明,相对于CRO PUF电路,自动纠错CRO PUF的可靠性与均匀性有了明显提高;从整体情况看,自动纠错CRO PUF与CRO PUF电路的唯一性没有一方处于明显的优势或劣势,但对两组数据进行方差计算和比较后发现,自动纠错CRO PUF的唯一性与标准值50%之间有着更好的逼近效果。经模糊提取器处理后的PUF复现输出响应向量的可靠性进一步提高,且高达99.8%,其受环境因素干扰非常小,可直接用作密钥。
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