计算机科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (9): 175-184.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.191000162
崔彤彤, 王桂玲, 高晶
CUI Tong-tong, WANG Gui-ling, GAO Jing
摘要: 由于监控设备视野有限、代价昂贵等问题,导致基于船舶图像或视频的船舶分类效果欠佳,改进船舶分类方法、提高船舶分类的准确率迫在眉睫。近几年,随着各类轨迹数据采集系统的兴起,通过船舶航行轨迹数据实现船舶类型的分类逐渐成为可能。针对使用传统二维卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)对船舶轨迹分类存在特征压缩和时序特征表达能力匮乏的问题,文中提出了一种一维CNN(One-Dimensional CNN,1DCNN)与长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory,LSTM)相结合的混合分类模型,对采集到的船舶自动识别系统(Automatic Identification System,AIS)数据进行船舶类型识别。首先,针对AIS采集到的船舶轨迹数据进行预处理,过滤噪声数据;然后,针对隐含在船舶轨迹信息中的特征对于1DCNN而言过于隐晦的问题,提出了一种针对大规模航舶轨迹数据的,且1DCNN能够识别的轨迹分布特征向量的构建算法,同时在此基础上提取了LSTM能够识别的时序特征向量;最后,将训练后的1DCNN模型与LSTM模型进行数据融合得到混合船舶分类模型。以渤海区域2016年6月的船舶AIS数据为基础,使用1DCNN与LSTM相结合的混合模型对渔船、客船、油船、集装箱船和散货船5类典型船舶的轨迹数据进行分类,并将其与使用一种神经网络如LSTM作为分类器的方法进行对比,结果表明所提方法具有明显的有效性,是一种有效的船舶轨迹分类方法。
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