一种基于拓扑结构及分配机制设计的多子块激励共识机制

doi:10.11896/jsjkx.200200027

计算机科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (7): 268-277.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.200200027

一种基于拓扑结构及分配机制设计的多子块激励共识机制

刘帅^1,2, 甘国华³, 刘明熹⁴, 房勇^1,2, 汪寿阳^1,2

1 中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院北京100190
2 中国科学院大学经济与管理学院北京100190
3 北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院北京100083
4 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院北京100190

收稿日期:2020-02-03 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-07-16
通讯作者: 房勇(yfang@amss.ac.cn)
作者简介:13220132323@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(71631008);大数据与区块链实验室项目

Multi-subblock Incentive Consensus Mechanism Based on Topology and Distribution Mechanism

LIU Shuai^1,2, GAN Guo-hua³, LIU Ming-xi⁴, FANG Yong^1,2, WANG Shou-yang^1,2

1 Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
2 School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China
3 School of Computer & Communication Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
4 Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China

Received:2020-02-03 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-07-16
About author:LIU Shuai,born in 1993,postgraduate.Her main research interests include blockchain and financial engineering and risk management.
FANG Yong,born in 1974,Ph.D,research associate,Ph.D supervisor.His main research interests include financial engineering and risk management and operations management.
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71631008) and Big Data and Blockchain Lab Project

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对经典的PoW共识机制进行改进,改变了矿工所挖出区块接入主链的条件和收益分配策略,从而提出了一种改进共识机制。与PoW不同,在该改进共识机制中,首个生成的由N个子区块相连的子链将被整体接入主链,从而用更为复杂的网状结构来代替原有的单一链结构;改进了传统共识机制的收益分配策略,将分配策略分为3个步骤,以期提高算力小的矿工的预期收益,从而激励算力小的矿工积极参与挖矿,提升区块链的安全性。此外,该改进共识机制引入的网状结构,使矿工有了更多的挖矿策略选择。文中分别讨论了挖矿策略的选择、恶意矿工分拆算力、合谋等对区块链的安全与效能产生的影响。最后,通过设置多种市场情景对改进算法进行了仿真实验,分析在各种市场特征下各类矿工的挖矿收益,也就是挖矿策略的种类、选择各挖矿策略的矿工算力之比、算力分布的极差、大小矿工的划分标准等参数对矿工收益的影响效果,以为矿工后期选择挖矿策略提供指导。

关键词: 共识, 矿工激励, 区块链, 挖矿策略

Abstract: First of all,this paper proposes an modified consensus mechanism based on the classic PoW (Proof of Work) consensus mechanism by changing the condition of take the miners’ blocks into blockchain and income distribution strategy.To be specific,on the one hand,according to the rule of this modified consensus mechanism,the first generated sub-chain made up of N sub-blocks will be integrated into the main chain,which is different from PoW,the modified consensus mechanism replaces the simple single chain structure of PoW with a more complex network structure;on the other hand,the modified consensus mechanism improves on the revenue distribution strategy of the traditional consensus mechanism,its distribution strategy is divided into three steps in order to improve the expected earnings of miners with low computational power,so as to encourage those miners with low computational power to actively participate in mining and supervise the safety of blockchain.In addition,the network structure introduced by the modified consensus mechanism enables miners to have more strategies of mining.This paper also discusses the influence of selecting different mining strategies,splitting calculation power of malicious miners and collusion on the safety and efficiency of the block chain.Finally,a variety of market scenarios are set up to simulate the improved algorithm so as to analyze the mining benefits of various miners under different market characteristics,which are hoping to guide miners.

Key words: Blockchain, Consensus, Inspire miner, Mining strategy

中图分类号:

TP301.6

刘帅, 甘国华, 刘明熹, 房勇, 汪寿阳. 一种基于拓扑结构及分配机制设计的多子块激励共识机制[J]. 计算机科学, 2020, 47(7): 268-277. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.200200027

LIU Shuai, GAN Guo-hua, LIU Ming-xi, FANG Yong, WANG Shou-yang. Multi-subblock Incentive Consensus Mechanism Based on Topology and Distribution Mechanism[J]. Computer Science, 2020, 47(7): 268-277. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.200200027

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一种基于拓扑结构及分配机制设计的多子块激励共识机制

Multi-subblock Incentive Consensus Mechanism Based on Topology and Distribution Mechanism

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