Computer Science

Computer Science ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 296-303.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.200700020

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research Advance on Efficiency Optimization of Blockchain Consensus Algorithms

ZHANG Peng-yi, SONG Jie   

  1. Software College Northeastern University Shenyang 110169,China
  • Received:2020-07-01 Revised:2020-09-14 Published:2020-12-17
  • About author:ZHANG Peng-yi,born in 2000postgraduate student.His main research interests include big data management and blockchain.
    SONG Jie,born in 1979Ph.Dprofessor.His main research interests include big data managementgreen computing and machine learning.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(61672143).

PDF (PC)

2505

Abstract: Blockchain and its related technologies have developed rapidly in recent yearsand blockchain has rapidly become a hot field in the research field.Howeverblockchain consensus algorithm has been criticized in terms of resource consumptionenergy consumption and performance.Thereforeit needs to develop an indicator that can measure its execution efficiencyso as to evaluate the design quality of consensus algorithm.Howeverthe correlation between resource consumptionenergy consumption and performance of consensus algorithm is complicatedso it is necessary to analyze the existing blockchain consensus algorithm from the aspect of efficiency and summarize the research ideas.This paper summarizes the progress of the efficiency optimization of blockchain consensus algorithms.First of allwe define the efficiency of blockchain consensus algorithm as "the performance of consensus algorithmrequired resources and energy consumption calculated under the premise of correctness and effectiveness"and analyze the correlation of the three factors.Then the efficiency optimization of consensus algorithm is collated and summarized from the two aspects of public chain and alliance chai.Finallythe resource sharing problems of consensus algorithm are put forward from three aspects of multi-chain blockchainmultiple blockchain and BaaS for the reference of researchers.

Key words: Blockchain, Consensus algorithms, Efficiency, Energy consumption optimization, Performance optimization, Resource optimization

CLC Number: 

  • TP311
[1] LAMPORT L,SHOSTAK R E,PEASE M,et al.The Byzantine Generals Problem[J].ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems,1982,4(3):382-401.
[2] DONG Z L,LEE Y C,ZOMAYA A Y.Proofware:Proof of Useful Work Blockchain Consensus Protocol for Decentralized Applications[J].arXiv:1903.09276,2019.
[3] ZENG L,XIN S,XU A,et al.Seele's New Anti-ASIC Consensus Algorithm with Emphasis on Matrix Computation[J].arXiv:1905.04565,2019.
[4] YU B G,GONG S M,PANG X Q,et al.Fair and Efficient Consensus Mechanism:Proof of Minimum[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2020,56(1):63-68.
[5] YU B,LIU J,NEPAL S,et al.Proof-of-QoS:QoS based blockchain consensus protocol[J].Computers &Security,2019,87(11):101580.1-101580.13.
[6] WANG S L,QU X D,HU Q,et al.An Uncertainty and Collusion-Proof Voting Consensus Mechanism in Blockchain[J].arXiv:1912.11620,2019.
[7] HUANG J H,XIA X,LI Z C,et al.Proof of Trust:Mechanism of Trust Degree Based on Dynamic Authorization[J].Journal of Software,2019,30(9):2593-2607.
[8] FENG J Y,ZHAO X Y,CHEN K X,et al.Towards random-honest miners selection and multi-blocks creation:Proof-of-negotiation consensus mechanism in blockchain networks[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2020,105:248-258.
[9] PRABHAKAR A,ANJALI T.TCON-A lightweight Trust-dependent Consensus framework for blockchain[C]//11th International Conference on Communication Systems &Networks.New York:IEEE,2019:19-24.
[10] KIM D H,ULLAH R,KIM B.RSP Consensus Algorithm forBlockchain[J].Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea,2019,56(8):39-44.
[11] KIM S W.Two-phase Cooperative Bargaining Game Approach for Shard-based Blockchain Consensus Scheme[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:127772-127780.
[12] CHARRONBOST B,MORAN S.MinMax Algorithms for Stabilizing Consensus[J].arXiv:1906.09073,2019.
[13] ZHOU T,LI X F,ZHAO H.DLattice:A Permission-LessBlockchain Based on DPoS-BA-DAG Consensus for Data Toke-nization[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:39273-39287.
[14] WANG Z,TIAN Y L,YUE C Y,et al.Consensus Mechanism Based on Threshold Cryptography Scheme[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2019,56(12):2671-2683.
[15] QU X D,WANG S L,HU Q,et al.Proof of Federated Learning:A Novel Energy-recycling Consensus Algorithm[J].arXiv:1912.11745,2019.
[16] MILUTINOVIC M,HE W,WU H,et al.Proof of Luck:an Efficient Blockchain Consensus Protocol[J].arXiv:1703.05435,2016.
[17] YANG F,ZHOU W,WU Q Q,et al.Delegated Proof of Stake With Downgrade:A Secure and Efficient Blockchain Consensus Algorithm With Downgrade Mechanism[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:118541-118555.
[18] AHMED M,KOSTIAINEN K.Don't Mine,Wait in Line:Fair and Efficient Blockchain Consensus with Robust Round Robin[J].arXiv:1804.07391,2018.
[19] WANG Y H,CAI S B,LIN C L,et al.Study of Blockchains's Consensus MechanismBased on Credit[J].IEEE Access,2019(7):10224-10231.
[20] CHEN Z H,LI Q.Improved PBFT Consensus Mechanism Based on K-medoids[J].Computer Science,2019,46(12):101-107.
[21] JALALZAI M M,BUSCH C,RICHARD III G G.Proteus:AScalable BFT Consesus Protocol for Blockchains[C]//2019 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain.New York:IEEE,2019:308-313.
[22] ZHONG L,DUAN X H,WANG Y J,et al.eRoc:A Distributed Blockchain System with Fast Consensus[C]//International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery.New York:IEEE,2019:205-214.
[23] CHANDER G,DESHPANDE P,CHAKRABORTY S.A Fault Resilient Consensus Protocol for Large Permissioned Blockchain Networks[C]//1st IEEE International Conference on Blockchain and Cryptocurrency.New York:IEEE,2019:33-37.
[24] MIN X P,LI Q Z,KONG L J,et al.Permissioned Blockchain Dynamic Consensus Mechanism Based Multi-Centers[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2018,41(5):1005-1020.
[25] FANG Y,DENG J Q,CONG L H,et al.An Improved Scheme for PBFT Blockchain Consensus Algorithm Based on Ring Signature[J].Computer Engineering,2019,45(11):32-36.
[26] CAO K T,LIN F,QIAN C H,et al.A High Efficiency Network Using DAG and Consensus in Blockchain[C]//2019 IEEE Intl Conf on Parallel &Distributed Processing with Applications,Big Data &Cloud Computing,Sustainable Computing &Communications,Social Computing &Networking.New York:IEEE,2019:279-285.
[27] LI P L,WANG G S,CHEN X Q,et al.Gosig:Scalable Byzantine Consensus on Adversarial Wide Area Network for Blockchains[J].arXiv:1802.01315,2018.
[28] ZHOU J,LI W J.Research on logistics block chain consensus algorithm based on cloud computing[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2018,54(19):237-242.
[29] DAI W Q,XIAO D S,JIN H,et al.A Concurrent Optimization Consensus System Based on Blockchain[C]//26th International Conference on Telecommunications.New York:IEEE,2019:244-248.
[30] LI K J,LI H,HOU H X,et al.Proof of Vote:A High-Perfor-mance Consensus Protocol Based on Vote Mechanism &Consor-tium Blockchain[C]//19th IEEE International Conference on High Performance Computing and Communications.New York:IEEE,2017:466-473.
[31] PUTHAL D,MOHANTY S P,YANAMBAKA V P,et al.PoAh:A Novel Consensus Algorithm for Fast Scalable Private Blockchain for Large-scale IoT Frameworks[J].arXiv:2001.07297,2020.
[32] ADAM B,MATT C,LUKE D,et al.Enabling Blockchain Innovations with Pegged Sidechains[EB/OL].http://www.blockstream.com/sidechains.pdf.
[33] ZHU Y J,YAO J G,GUAN H B.Blockchain as a Service:Next Generation of Cloud Services[J].Journal of Software,2020,31(1):1-19.
[1] WANG Zi-kai, ZHU Jian, ZHANG Bo-jun, HU Kai. Research and Implementation of Parallel Method in Blockchain and Smart Contract [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(9): 312-317.
[2] FU Li-yu, LU Ge-hao, WU Yi-ming, LUO Ya-ling. Overview of Research and Development of Blockchain Technology [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 447-461.
[3] GAO Jian-bo, ZHANG Jia-shuo, LI Qing-shan, CHEN Zhong. RegLang:A Smart Contract Programming Language for Regulation [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 462-468.
[4] MAO Dian-hui, HUANG Hui-yu, ZHAO Shuang. Study on Automatic Synthetic News Detection Method Complying with Regulatory Compliance [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 523-530.
[5] ZHOU Hang, JIANG He, ZHAO Yan, XIE Xiang-peng. Study on Optimal Scheduling of Power Blockchain System for Consensus Transaction ofEach Unit [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 771-776.
[6] CHEN Jun-wu, YU Hua-shan. Strategies for Improving Δ-stepping Algorithm on Scale-free Graphs [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 594-600.
[7] LI Bo, XIANG Hai-yun, ZHANG Yu-xiang, LIAO Hao-de. Application Research of PBFT Optimization Algorithm for Food Traceability Scenarios [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 723-728.
[8] WANG Si-ming, TAN Bei-hai, YU Rong. Blockchain Sharding and Incentive Mechanism for 6G Dependable Intelligence [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6): 32-38.
[9] SUN Hao, MAO Han-yu, ZHANG Yan-feng, YU Ge, XU Shi-cheng, HE Guang-yu. Development and Application of Blockchain Cross-chain Technology [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(5): 287-295.
[10] YANG Zhen, HUANG Song, ZHENG Chang-you. Study on Crowdsourced Testing Intellectual Property Protection Technology Based on Blockchain and Improved CP-ABE [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(5): 325-332.
[11] REN Chang, ZHAO Hong, JIANG Hua. Quantum Secured-Byzantine Fault Tolerance Blockchain Consensus Mechanism [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(5): 333-340.
[12] LIN Jin-cheng, JI Qing-ge, ZHONG Zhen-wei. Modified Social Force Model Considering Pedestrian Characteristics and Leaders [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(5): 347-354.
[13] JIANG Rui, XU Shan-shan, XU You-yun. New Hybrid Precoding Algorithm Based on Sub-connected Structure [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(5): 256-261.
[14] FENG Liao-liao, DING Yan, LIU Kun-lin, MA Ke-lin, CHANG Jun-sheng. Research Advance on BFT Consensus Algorithms [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(4): 329-339.
[15] LIU Jiang, LIU Wen-bo, ZHANG Ju. Hybrid MPI+OpenMP Parallel Method on Polyhedral Grid Generation in OpenFoam [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(3): 3-10.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
渝ICP备16013121号-4
Add:18# Honghu West Rd., Yubei ,Chongqing,China    Post Code: 401121
Tel: 023-63500828/023-67039612/023-67039623
E-mail: jsjkx12@163.com
Powered by Beijing Magtech Co., Ltd.