假消息认知机理研究综述

doi:10.11896/jsjkx.201200194

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 社交媒体时代的到来在加速信息流动的同时也为假消息的迅速传播提供了温床。假消息可能会对群众的认知产生严重的干扰,致使群众做出错误的决策,从而扰乱社会秩序,干扰政治选举,对社会造成许多负面影响。现有研究缺乏对假消息认知机理的总结归纳,为了探索人在阅读假消息时的心理与神经生理基础,文中对假消息的来源、传播和社会影响进行了更深入的研究,从而为纠正假消息提供指导。文中定义了假消息认知机理,总结了两种研究假消息认知机理的方法:认知实验方法和数据分析方法。认知实验方法分为内部心理状态、外部社会环境、纠正假消息、跨领域认知机理4部分。数据分析方法分为政治类假消息认知机理和非政治类假消息认知机理两部分。最后对未来研究方向提出3点思考,分别是辟谣策略、深度假消息认知机理挖掘和疫情类假消息认知机理研究。

关键词: 假消息, 脑电信号, 认知机理, 数据分析, 眼动追踪

Abstract: The advent of the social media era not only accelerates the flow of information,but also provides a breeding ground for the rapid spread of fake news.Fake news may seriously interfere with the perception of the masses` cognition,causing the masses to make wrong decisions,disrupt social order,interfere with political elections,and cause many negative social effects.Existing research lacks a summary of the cognitive mechanism of fake news.In order to explore the psychological and neural basis of reading fake news,this paper has a deeper understanding of the source,spread and social impact of fake news,so as to provide guidance for correcting fake news.This paper defines the cognitive mechanism of fake news,and summarizes two methods for studying the cognitive mechanism of fake news:cognitive experiment method and data analysis method.Cognitive experiment methods are summarized into four parts:internal mental state,external social environment,correcting fake news,and cross-domain cognitive mechanism.The data analysis method is summarized into two parts:the cognitive mechanism of political fake news and the cognitive mechanism of non-political fake news.Finally,three points of thinking are put forward for the future research direction,namely,rumor-defying strategies,deep fake news cognitive mechanism mining,and epidemic-type fake news cognitive mechanism research.

Key words: Cognitive mechanism, Data analysis, EEG signal, Eye tracking, Fake news

中图分类号:

TP391

吴广智, 郭斌, 丁亚三, 成家慧, 於志文. 假消息认知机理研究综述[J]. 计算机科学, 2021, 48(6): 306-314. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.201200194

WU Guang-zhi, GUO Bin, DING Ya-san, CHENG Jia-hui, YU Zhi-wen. Cognitive Mechanisms of Fake News[J]. Computer Science, 2021, 48(6): 306-314. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.201200194

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