计算机科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (10): 107-113.doi: 10.11896/j.issn.1002-137X.2016.10.020
刘俊辰,梁俊斌,王田,蒋婵,李陶深
LIU Jun-chen, LIANG Jun-bin, WANG Tian, JIANG Chan and LI Tao-shen
摘要: 可充电无线传感器网络是一种新型的无线传感网,它利用移动充电车在收集数据的同时给能量低的节点充电,可广泛应用于需要长期监测环境的应用中。但是,移动充电车如何在给定的延迟内完成数据收集,降低网络能耗并尽可能多地给低能量节点补充能量是一个具有挑战性的问题。因此提出一个新的算法RSEP(Root Selection with Energy Prediction)。首先,限定充电车的路径长度以保证延迟。然后,将路径上的低能量节点作为根节点,构造多棵数据收集树。若根节点能量可以保证其短期内不会死亡,则从树中寻找一条等于树的直径的路径。在该路径上选取网络中邻居最多的节点作为新的根节点,以改变树的结构来降低树高。树上的节点将它们的数据及能量信息沿着树传送到根节点。最后,移动充电车沿着充电路径为各个根节点充电时,就可以收集各个树上节点的数据及能量信息。此外,充电车收集到的能量信息会随着时间推移而“过时”,而能量信息是根节点选择时的重要参考因素。因此,充电车利用马尔科夫模型预测节点在下一轮数据收集开始时的能量,从而优化根节点的选择。仿真实验结果表明,与目前已有的算法相比,RSEP算法可以以较少的网络总能耗完成充电,并且每轮充电时间均较短。
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