计算机科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 189-195.doi: 10.11896/j.issn.1002-137X.2019.06.028
李潇, 魏长江
LI Xiao, WEI Chang-jiang
摘要: 分布式系统自提出以来,逐渐发展成为软件工程中一个重要的研究领域,因此分布性需求成为软件系统的主要特征,同时系统的分布性需求与功能需求又紧密相关。目前,通常使用RUP(Rational Unified Process)推荐的“4+1”视图方法分别将两种需求建模在不同的模型中,此方法在软件工程实践中已经取得了良好的效果,但是也在一定程度上导致了功能需求和分布性需求的分割性,这不利于获取完整的系统需求。针对以上问题,文中首先给出需求追踪的整体框架,从3个层面阐述需求在软件生命周期各个阶段间追踪关系的演变。其次,通过分析需求到其他制品的传播途径,得到需求追踪关系,建立需求追踪矩阵。最后,凭借矩阵计算,描述需求变化追踪的具体实现。通过上述研究,在功能需求模型和分布性需求模型间建立可追踪性链接,不仅能够获取完整性需求,还解决了由需求建模分割性导致的需求变更困难的问题。
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