计算机科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 347-354.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.210500144
林金城, 纪庆革, 钟圳伟
LIN Jin-cheng, JI Qing-ge, ZHONG Zhen-wei
摘要： 社会力模型是人群运动仿真中的经典模型,该模型将行人的主观意愿和行人之间的相互影响等都通过“力”的形式来表达,模型简洁且易于解释,但是影响行人运动的因素是多方面的,原始社会力模型中自驱力和社会心理力的计算存在不足。为了使模型能够仿真出真实的运动过程,研究者们对社会力模型进行了改进。文中主要研究了人群疏散过程中的主体:行人。从行人特征和行人角色两个方面对行人进行建模,其中行人特征包括行人之间的亲疏关系、行人性格以及个体情绪,不同亲密程度的行人之间的干扰程度不同,而行人情绪也会影响行人的判断;行人角色方面考虑了领导者和普通行人,分析了不同行人角色对疏散过程的影响,领导者可以帮助普通行人疏散。通过人群自组织仿真实验,验证了改进模型能够仿真出真实的人群疏散状况,保留原模型的优势。同时,统计了4种仿真模型下人群的疏散效率和出口利用率,对实验数据中的均值和分布情况进行了分析。实验结果表明,导致行人疏散时间过长的主要原因是寻找出口耗时过长以及出口利用率不平衡。一般情况下,行人特征和领导者角色对行人疏散效率有积极影响,行人特征可以加快行人聚集以及优化行人期望速度,而领导者角色在帮助行人寻找出口的基础上,平衡了行人对出口的利用,保证了各出口疏散人数基本相同。
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