计算机科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (6A): 220300218-8.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.220300218
刘佳伟, 杜欣, 范方朝, 谢城壁
LIU Jiawei, DU Xin, FAN Fangzhao, XIE Chengbi
摘要： 针对基于单一传感器的移动机器人在建图与导航过程中定位精度低以及对环境描述能力有限的问题,开发了基于ROS(Robot Operating System)的多传感器感知的建图导航系统。首先搭建了具有全向性的四麦克纳姆轮移动底盘;其次分析了RTAB-MAP(Real-Time Appearance-Based Mapping)算法,并基于该算法对RGB-D相机、激光雷达和里程计信息进行数据融合,实现了室内环境的二维和三维地图的同时构建;然后提出了使用扩展卡尔曼滤波算法将编码器产生的里程计信息和IMU(Inertial Measurement Unit)数据进行融合,提高位姿的估计精度;最后根据融合后的数据对传统机器人导航框架进行了优化,完成了自主导航功能的设计。测试结果表明,该系统采用多传感器感知方案能够完成对室内场景的二维和三维地图的同时构建,提高了对环境的描述能力,通过扩展卡尔曼滤波融合后的数据使机器人定位精度有了明显提高,保证了导航的准确性。
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