计算机科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (12): 185-191.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.230300116
余涛1, 熊盛武1,2
YU Tao1, XIONG Shengwu1,2
摘要: 视觉定位与地图构建是实现移动机器人自主导航的关键技术。针对农业场景下特征跟踪困难、场景规模大、运动不稳定引起系统精度和鲁棒性下降的问题,提出了一种适用于农业场景的双目视觉定位与地图构建方法。该方法首先利用静态立体匹配点来增加跟踪阶段地图点的数量和覆盖范围,从而增加了深度计算的准确率,同时提出一种点选择算法对密集地图点进行采样并移除离群点,进一步提高了系统的准确率和运行效率;然后通过显式尺度估计来减小大规模场景下定位与地图构建的尺度误差,并结合场景特点改进关键帧判别策略,避免了远处大目标导致关键帧稀疏的问题;最后提出新的运动假设构建位姿估计失败时的恢复策略,提高了系统在颠簸运动时的鲁棒性。在农业场景数据集上的评估结果表明,相比于当前先进的视觉定位与地图构建系统,提出的方法在困难序列上的轨迹误差降低幅度超过50%,其中3个序列上的尺度误差下降了一个数量级,取得了更高的精度和鲁棒性,能有效地应对农业场景下视觉定位与地图构建的挑战。
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