计算机科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 387-395.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.230800177
张金斗, 陈经纬, 吴文渊, 冯勇
ZHANG Jindou, CHEN Jingwei, WU Wenyuan, FENG Yong
摘要： 在现实生活中,不同的行业之间,甚至同行业不同部门之间的数据并不互通,随着计算机算力的提升,制约模型训练效果的不是算力而是数据量。因此,想要得到更好的算法模型,仅靠某一方的数据是不够的,需要两方或者多方的参与,这就要求对各方的数据进行隐私保护。除此之外,随着收集的数据越来越详细,数据的维数也越来越大。面对高维的数据,数据降维是不可缺少的环节,而在数据降维方面,主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)是常用的手段。当拥有数据的两方想要合作进行隐私保护的数据降维时,同态加密技术是一种解决办法。同态加密技术可以在保护数据隐私的前提下对加密数据进行计算,可以用在加密数据的PCA上。针对上述应用场景,利用CKKS同态加密方案,通过幂法迭代的SVD技术设计了一种两方加密数据进行PCA的方案,在保护两方数据隐私的前提下实现数据降维的目的;通过改进传统幂法迭代步骤,避免了代价高昂的同态密文除法运算,使得在选取较小的加密参数时,也能支持更多的幂法迭代次数,从而在缩短同态计算时间的同时提高计算精度。在公共数据集上进行测试,并与现有方案进行对比,该方案在计算耗时上缩短了约80%,与明文计算结果的均方误差缩减到1%以内。
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