计算机科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (3): 318-325.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.240700203
汪浩1, 蔡宇航2, 陈国杰2, 王璐2
WANG Hao1, CAI Yuhang2, CHEN Guojie2, WANG Lu2
摘要： 低功耗广域网(Low Power Wide Area Network,LPWAN)技术的出现,能够在保证更远距离的通信传输的同时,最大限度地降低功耗,节约传输成本。LoRa(Long Range)技术作为其中的佼佼者,凭借其远距离、低功耗、大容量、强抗干扰、高接收灵敏度的特点,备受工业界和学术界的青睐。针对目前工业中主流使用的基于ALOHA的LoRaWAN协议无法很好地解决海量终端设备接入LoRa网络后所带来的严重数据包冲突以及LoRa CAD(Channel Activity Detection)功能带来的隐藏终端问题,提出了一种基于BTMA(Busy Tone Multiple Access)的LoRa网络MAC协议——BT-MAC协议。该协议利用了LoRa高接收灵敏度的特性,网关利用“忙音”信标来通知各个节点网关的工作情况,减少了无效包的发送。同时,节点端通过记录有“忙音”信息和本地信息的逻辑信道矩阵,结合最优信道选择算法,选出最优逻辑信道进行发送,降低了端节点上行数据包之间的冲突,有效缓解了LoRa网络中的隐藏终端问题以及阻塞问题。此外,搭建了LoRa网络MAC协议测试平台,并测试了BT-MAC的有效性,完成了室内和室外环境大规模的并发实验和能耗检测实验。实验结果表明,BT-MAC 协议的吞吐量是 LMAC-2 协议的 1.6 倍,是 ALOHA 协议的 5.1 倍;同时其包接收率达到 LMAC-2 协议的 1.53 倍,ALOHA 协议的 17.2 倍;其包接收平均能耗约为 LMAC-2 协议的 64.1%,为 ALOHA 协议的 14.2%。
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