计算机科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 304-308.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.190600143
于怡然, 常俊, 吴柳繁, 张永鸿
YU Yi-ran, CHANG Jun, WU Liu-fan, ZHANG Yong-hong
摘要： 随着无线通信技术的飞速发展,Wi-Fi已被广泛应用于公共和私人领域。基于无线技术的非入侵式呼吸检测技术在智能家居领域有着广阔的应用前景。针对现有的解决方案难以解释不同场景下存在的巨大性能差异,文中在自由空间中引入菲涅耳区刃形绕射模型,设计了一种基于Wi-Fi信号的免训练呼吸检测方案。首先,通过菲涅耳区刃形绕射模型,在室内环境中验证了Wi-Fi信号的衍射传播特性;其次,研究了人体呼吸对接收端Wi-Fi信号的影响,并量化了衍射增益与人体呼吸时微小胸腔位移之间的关系,不仅解释了可以使用Wi-Fi设备检测到人体呼吸的原理,还论证了在哪些位置更容易检测到呼吸;最后,通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)从接收信号强度(RSS)中估计呼吸速率。利用所提算法,可以清楚地知道呼吸检测的好位置和坏位置的分布,并且对于好的位置来说,平均呼吸估计的准确率可达93.8%。实验结果证明了仅使用一对收发器便可使厘米尺度的呼吸感知成为可能,并有望通过普及的Wi-Fi基础设施提供一种无处不在的呼吸检测方案。
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