计算机科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 337-346.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.220900220
耿海军1,2,3, 王威1,3, 张晗4, 王玲2
GENG Haijun1,2,3, WANG Wei1,3, ZHANG Han4, WANG Ling2
摘要: 软件定义网络(Software Defined Network,SDN)以其强大的可编程性和集中控制的优势得到了学术界的广泛关注。现有的SDN设备在执行报文转发时仍然使用最短路径协议,当最短路径中的结点发生故障时,网络仍然需要重新收敛,在此期间报文可能会被丢弃,进而无法传递至目的结点,给实时性应用的流畅性造成了冲击,影响用户体验。学术界普遍采用路由保护的方案来应对网络故障,现有的路由保护方案存在以下两个方面的问题:(1)故障保护率低;(2)当网络出现故障时,备份路径可能会出现路由环路。为了解决上述两个问题,首先提出了备份下一跳计算规则;然后基于此规则设计了一种软件定义网络下的高故障保护率的路由保护算法(Routing Protection Algorithm with High Failure Protection Ratio,RPAHFPR),该算法融合了路径生成算法(Path Generation Algorithm,PGA)、旁支优先算法(Side Branch First Algorithm,SBF)和环路规避算法(Loop Avoidance Algorithm,LAA),可以同时解决已有路由保护方法面临的故障保护率低和路由环路问题;最后在大量的真实网络拓扑和模拟网络拓扑中验证了RPAHFPR方案的性能。与经典的NPC和U-TURN相比,RPAHFPR的故障保护率分别提高了20.85%和11.88%,并且在86.3%的拓扑中可以达到100%的故障保护率,在所有拓扑中可以达到99%以上的故障保护率。RPAHFPR的路径拉伸度基本接近1,不会引入过多的时间延迟。
中图分类号:
[1]ANTONAKOPOULOS S,KOPPOL P,et al.Full protectionmade easy:the dispath ip fast reroute schemep[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking:A Joint Publication of the IEEE Communications Soceity,the IEEE Computer Society,and the ACM with Its Special Interest Group on Data Communication,2015,23(4):1229-1242. [2]ANBIAH A,SIVALINGAM K M.Efficient failure recoverytechniques for segment-routed networks[J].Computer Communications,2022,182:1-12. [3]TAPOLCAI J,RETVARI G,BABARCZI P,et al.Scalable and efficient multipath routing:complexity and algorithms[C]// 2015 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Network Protocols(ICNP).2016:376-385. [4]XU M W,LI Q,PAN L T,et al.Network Failure and Self-hea-ling Routing Model and Algorithm[J].SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis,2010,40(7):943-953. [5]YUAN Y,XU M,QI L.Tunneling on demand:a lightweight ap-proach for ip fast rerouting against multi-link failures[C]// 2016 IEEE/ACM 24th International Symposium on Quality of Service(IWQoS).Beijing:IEEE,2016:1-6. [6]GOPALAN A,RAMASUBRAMANIAN S.IP fast reroutingand disjoint multipath routing with three edge-independent spanning trees[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2016,24(3):1336-1349. [7]LABOVITZ C,AHUJA A,BOSE A,et al.Delayed internet routing convergence[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2001,9(3):293-306. [8]FORTZ B,THORUP M.Optimizing ospf/is-is weights in achanging world[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2002,20(4):756-767. [9]CLAD F,MERINDOL P,VISSICCHIO S,et al.Graceful router updates in link-state protocols [C]// 21st IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols.Goettingen:IEEE,2013:1-10. [10]ASTUTO B N,CA M M,XUAN N N,et al.A survey of software-defined networking:past,present,and future of programmable Networks[J].IEEE Communications Surveys & Tuto-rials,2014,16(3):1617-1634. [11]AMIN R,REISSLEIN M,SHAH N.Hybrid sdn networks:asurvey of existing approaches[J].IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2018,20(4):3259-3306. [12]YANG Y,XU M,LI Q.Fast rerouting against multi-link fai-lures without topology constraint[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2018,26(1):384-397. [13]LEE S,YU Y,NELAKUDITI S,et al.Proactive vs reactive approaches to failure resilient routing[C]// Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer & Communications Societies.Hong Kong:IEEE,2004:176-186. [14]KWONG K W,GAO L,GUERIN R,et al.On the Feasibilityand Efficacy of Protection Routing in IP Networks[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2011,19(5):1543-1556. [15]ATLAS A,ZININ A.Basic specification for ip fast reroute:Loop-free alternates[R].Heise zeitschriften verlag,2008. [16]BRYANT S.Ip fast reroute framework.LoopFree Alternatesn[S].USA:The Internet Engineering Task Force,2010. [17]BRYANT S,PREVIDI S,SHAND M.A framework for ip and mpls fast reroute using not-via addresses[S].USA:Internet Requests for Comments,RFC,2013. [18]RÉTVÁRI G,TAPOLCAI J,ENYEDI G,et al.Ip fast reroute:loop free alternates revisited[C]//2011 Proceedings IEEE INFOCOM.Shanghai:IEEE,2011:2948-2956. [19]CSIKOR L,NAGY M,RÉTVÁRI G.Network optimizationtechniques for improving fast ip-level resilience with loop-free alternates[J].Infocommunications Journal,2011,III(4):2-10. [20]RÉTVÁRI G,CSIKOR L,TAPOLCAI J,et al.Optimizing igp link costs for improving ip-level resilience[C]// 8th Interna-tional Workshop on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks.Krakow:DRCN,2011:62-69. [21]CSIKOR L,RÉTVÁRI G.On providing fast protection with remote loop-free alternates[J].Telecommunication Systems,2015,60(4):1-18. [22]BRYANT S,FILSFILS C,PREVIDI S,et al.Remote loop-free alternate(lfa) fast reroute(fpr)[S].USA:The Internet Engineering Task Force,2015. [23]GENG H J,ZHANG H,SHI X G,et al.Efficient computation ofloop-free alternates[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2020,151(102501):1-12. [24]KAMISINSKI A.Evolution of ip fast-reroute strategies[C]// 2018 10th International Workshop on Resilient Networks Design and Modeling.Longyearbyen:RNDM,2018:1-6. [25]TAVERNIER W,PAPADIMITRIOU D,COLLE D,et al.Self-configuring loop-free alternates with high link failure coverage[J].Telecommunication Systems,2014,56(1):85-101. [26]DECRAENE B,FRANCOIS P,BASHANDY A,et al.Topology independent fast reroute using segment routin[S].USA:The Internet Engineering Task Force,2014. [27]CIANFRANI A,LISTANTI M,POLVERINI M.IncrementalDeployment of Segment Routing Into an ISP Network:a Traffic Engineering Perspective[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2017,25(5):3146-3160. [28]ATLAS A et al.U-turn alternates for ip/ldp fast-reroute[S].USA:The Internet Engineering Task Force,2006. [29]ENYEDI G,SZILAGYI P,RETVARI G,et al.Ip fast reroute:lightweight not-via without additional addresses[C]//IEEE INFOCOM 2009.Rio de Janeiro:IEEE,2009:2771-2775. [30]ZHANG H L,XIAO G,YAN J Y,et al.Sdn-based ecmp algorithm for data center networks[C]// 2014 IEEE Computing,Communications and IT Applications Conference(ComComAp).Beijing:IEEE,2014:13-18. [31]BRAUN W,MENTH M,et al.Loop-free alternates with loop detection for fast reroute in software-defined carrier and data center networks[J].Journal of Network & Systems Management,2016,24(3):470-490. [32]ZHANG X,CHENG Z,LIN R P,et al.Local fast reroute with flow aggregation in software defined networks[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2017,21(4):785-788. [33]QIU K,ZHAO J,WANG X,et al.Efficient recovery path computation for fast reroute in large-scale software defined networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2019,37(8):1755-1768. [34]THORAT P,CHALLA R,RAZA S M,et al.Proactive failure recovery scheme for data traffic in software defined networks[C]// 2016 IEEE Netsoft Conference & Workshops.Seoul:IEEE,2016:219-225. [35]ZHENG J,XU H,ZHU X,et al.Sentinel:failure recovery in centralized traffic engineering[J].IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,2019,27(5):1859-1872. [36]GENG H J,ZHANG W,YIN X.Routing protection algorithm based on hybrid software defined network[J].Computer Engineering,2020,46(6):209-215. [37]GENG H J,WANG W,YIN X.Single-node fault protectionmethod based on hybrid software-defined network[J].Computer Science,2022,49(2):329-335. [38]GP RÉDEI.Abilene(advanced networking for leading-edge research and education)[M].Berlin:Springer Netherlands,2008. |
|