计算机科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (1): 215-224.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.230700209
沈童, 赵乐, 冯结青
SHEN Tong, ZHAO Le, FENG Jieqing
摘要： 描述地面上接收太阳辐射能分布的函数被称为地表太阳形状模型。它对塔式光热太阳能发电中接收器上辐射能密度分布的精确仿真至关重要。光晕辐射能占太阳辐射总能量的百分比,也被称为光晕辐射能占比(CircumSolar Ratio,CSR),它是地表太阳形状模型中的一个重要参数。目前,常用的地表太阳形状模型普遍存在精度不高、计算所得CSR 无法与输入CSR对齐、辐射能分布不连续、模型函数不能解析积分等不足。针对这些问题,文中提出了基于观测数据拟合的地表太阳形状张量积B-样条函数模型。首先,对两个观测数据集进行数据清洗、去噪、归一化、分组平均和拼接,得到具有不同CSR值、随入射角度偏移θ变化的84组太阳辐射能扫描剖面数据;其次,选择变化最剧烈的CSR为0.005这组数据,以θ为自变量,进行带约束的B-样条函数拟合(二次规划问题),拟合过程中,通过差分进化算法优化节点向量,并通过实验确定最优控制系数的数量;然后,采用上述节点向量、控制系数数量,以相同的方式拟合其他CSR值的83组数据;最后,将所得84个单变量B-样条函数模型作为输入,以CSR为自变量对其控制系数进行拟合,并类似地确定节点向量和控制系数数目,最终得到以CSR和θ为自变量、具有12×15个控制系数的张量积B-样条函数模型,即地表太阳形状模型。与已有模型相比,该B-样条函数模型是一个C2光滑的模型,具有 CSR 对齐、拟合精度高和辐射能分布可解析积分的优点。
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