计算机科学

计算机科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (8): 34-44.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.240100030

• 数据库&大数据&数据科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

卡-梅框架下数据财产权益保护规则分类分级配置研究

丛颖男1, 彭友2, 朱金清3   

  1. 1 中国政法大学商学院 北京 100088
    2 中国政法大学数据法治研究院 北京 100088
    3 北京字节跳动网络技术有限公司 北京 100043
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-27 修回日期:2024-05-27 出版日期:2024-08-15 发布日期:2024-08-13
  • 通讯作者: 朱金清(zhujinqing@bytedance.com)
  • 作者简介:(cyn_2010@163.com)
  • 基金资助:
    2024年中国政法大学科研创新项目(24KYQN006);2022年国家重点研发计划“社会治理与智慧社会科技支撑”重点专项(2022YFC3303000);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(22YJC190003);北京市教育科学“十四五”规划课题(CECA22136)

Study on Classification and Grading Allocation of Data Property Rights Protection Rules UnderC&M Framework

CONG Yingnan1, PENG You2, ZHU Jinqing3   

  1. 1 Business School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China
    2 The Institute for Data Law,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China
    3 Beijing Bytedance Network Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100043,China
  • Received:2023-12-27 Revised:2024-05-27 Online:2024-08-15 Published:2024-08-13
  • About author:CONG Yingnan,born in 1985,Ph.D,associate professor,master supervisor,is a member of CCF(No.J0079M).His main research interests include big data on business and law,artificial intelligence,blockchain,Fin-tech,Reg-tech and complex system.
    ZHU Jinqing,born in 1984,postgra-duate,engineer,is a member of CCF(No.D0034M).His main research interests include database systems,content data analysis,artificial intelligence,and knowledge graphs.
  • Supported by:
    2024 China University of Political Science and Law Scientific Research Innovation Project(24KYQN006),2022 National Key R&D Program Social Governance and Smart Society Technology Support Key Special Project(2022YFC3303000),General Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Research of the Ministry of Education(22YJC190003) and Beijing’s Education Science 14th Five Year Plan(CECA22136).

PDF (PC)

501

摘要： 在社会、经济数字化转型的关键时期,建立高效的数据要素市场是数字经济持续快速发展的重要基础和基本前提,也是多学科交融的时代课题。数据的财产权益保护制度是数据要素市场的基础制度,目前相关的理论探讨可谓百家争鸣,与法律规定和裁判观点共同构成了一张“规则清单”。卡-梅框架提供了一种以经济效率为标准的规则选择方法,与建设高效的数据要素市场这一政策目标相契合。在此框架下,从事前效率和事后效率两个视角分别对个人数据、企业数据和公共数据的财产权益保护规则进行比较和选择,发现对于个人数据和企业数据而言,提供事后救济的责任规则相比赋予绝对化财产权的财产规则更具效率;而对于公共数据而言,两者各有优势。基于此,进一步对个人数据保护提出了构建“三层构造”保护模式的立法建议和建立数据匿名化制度的构想,对企业数据保护提出了构建非绝对性财产权利的方向指引,对公共数据提出了建立三类规则相互配合的分类分级开放格局的建议。

关键词: 数据确权, 卡-梅框架, 数据要素市场, 规则的效率选择, 个人数据, 企业数据, 公共数据

Abstract: In the critical period of digital transformation of society and economy,the establishment of an efficient data factor market is an important foundation and basic prerequisite for the sustainable and rapid development of the digital economy,and is also a multidisciplinary issue of the times.The property rights protection system of data is the basic system of data factor market,and there are hundreds of theoretical discussions on it,which together with legal regulations and judges’ opinions constitute a “list of rules” to choose from.The C&M framework provides a method of rule selection based on economic efficiency,which is in line with the policy objective of building an efficient data factor market.This paper compares and selects rules for the protection of property rights of personal data,enterprise data and public data from two perspectives:ex ante efficiency and ex post efficiency,and concludes that for personal data and enterprise data,liability rules providing ex post remedies are more efficient than property rules granting absolute property rights,while for public data,each has its own advantages.Based on this,this paper further proposes a legislative proposal to build a “three-tier structure” protection model and a data anonymization system for personal data protection,the direction to build non-absolute property rights for enterprise data protection,and a proposal to establish a classified and graded openness pattern with three types of rules for public data.

Key words: Confirmation of data right, C&M framework, Data factor market, Efficiency selection of rules, Personal data, Enterprise data, Public data

中图分类号: 

  • TP182
[1]SHI J Z.Local Legislative Practices in Basic System Construction of Data:A Preliminary Study Based on Policy Bibliometrics[M]//Digital Jurisprudence Review.Beijing:Commercial Press,2023:44-84.
[2]RONG K,LU Z P.The Theory of Data[M].Beijing:People’s Publishing House,2022:44-46.
[3]SHI J Z.Deconstruction of Data Concept and Construction ofData Legal System and Discussing the Connotation and System of the Discipline of Data Law[J].Peking University Law Journal,2023,35(1):23-45.
[4]GI L L.The Judicial Dilemma of Enterprise Data Protection and the Dimension of Breaking the Situation:The Road to Typed Right Confirmation[J].Legal Forum,2022,37(3):109-121.
[5]JI H L.Private Law Location and Protection of Data[J].Chinese Journal of Law,2018,40(6):72-91.
[6]SHEN W X.On Data Usufruct[J].Social Sciences in China,2020(11):110-131,207.
[7]JIANG C X.Data Private Law Attribute:Two-Layer Structure Perspective[J].Legal Forum,2022,37(4):119-126.
[8]CUI G B.The Basic Theory of Limited Exclusive Right in Big Data[J].Chinese Journal of Law,2019,41(5):3-24.
[9]KONG X J.Commercial Data Rights:A New Type of Industrial Property Rights in the Digital Age:The Affiliation of Industrial Property Rights and the Three Principles of the Ownership Definition[J].Journal of Comparative Law,2022(1):83-100.
[10]FENG X Q.Commercial Data Protection from the Perspective of Intellectual Property Rights[J].Journal of Comparative Law,2022(5):31-45.
[11]LONG W Q.On the Construction of New Data Property and its System Structure[J].Tribune of Political Science and Law,2017,35(4):63-77.
[12]LI A J,XIA F.The Institutional Path of Data Property Protection[J].Law Science Magazine,2022,43(5):17-33,2.
[13]DING X D.Legal Protection of Enterprise Data Rights and Interests-Analysis:An Analysis Based on the Legal Nature of Data[J].Science of Law(Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law),2020,38(2):90-99.
[14]FENG X Q.Property Right Protection and Institutional Con-struction of Enterprise Data in the Era of Big Data[J].Contemporary Law Review,2022,36(6):104-120.
[15]MEI X Y.The Legal Properties of Data and the Position of Datain Civil Law[J].Social Sciences in China,2016(9):164-183,209.
[16]LING B.Efficiency of Legal Rule:The Case of Environmental Protection Regimes[J].Chinese Journal of Law,2013,35(3):17-36.
[17]CALABRESI G,MELAMED A D.Property Rules,LiabilityRules,and Inalienability:One View of the Cathedral[J].Harvard Law Review,1972,85(6):1089-1128.
[18]ZHENG J N.Exploration of the Property Law Attributes ofData Information Property[J].Oriental Law,2021(5):43-56.
[19]SHEN W X.Reconstruction of the Digital Rights System:Toward a Pattern of Differential Order of Privacy,Information and Data[J].Tribune of Political Science and Law,2022,40(3):89-102.
[20]WU C H.Data Law[M].Beijing:Law Press,2022:3-4.
[21]HUANG G B,ZHANG S S,YAN X.Study on Conceptual Categories and Basic Types of Personal Data[J].Library and Information Service,2017,61(5):41-49.
[22]ZHANG H.“Data” in Chinese Legal Texts:Semantics,Norms and Genealogy[J].Journal of Comparative Law,2022(5):61-74.
[23]YUE Y P.The Legal Protection of Economic Interests in Personality Right:Centered on the Interpretation of Article 20 of Tort Liability Law[J].The Jurist,2018(3):77-89,193.
[24]HARARI Y N.Sapiens:A Brief History of Humankind[M].LIN J H,translated.Beijing:China Citic Press,2018:115-127.
[25]HU J H.Drafting History of the General Principles of the Civil Law[M].Beijing:Law Press,2017:157,186-187.
[26]LING B.The Choice of Rules in Legal Remedies:PropertyRules,Liability Rules,and the Law and Economics Reorganization of the Cameron Framework[J].China Legal Science,2012(6):5-25.
[27]COOTER R,ULEN T.Law and economics(6th edition)[M].California,Berkeley:Berkeley Law Books,2016:7-8.
[28]COASE R H.The Problem of Social Cost[J].Journal of Law & Economics,1960,3(1):1-44.
[29]BEBCHUK L A.Property Rights and Liability Rules:The ExAnte View of the Cathedral[J].Michigan Law Review,2001,100:601.
[30]WANG L M.The Status of Individual Information Right in Person Right Law[J].Journal of Soochow University(Philosophy &Social Science Edition),2012,33(6):68-75,199-200.
[31]CHENG X.On the Commercial Use of Personality Rights[J].China Law Review,2023,49(1):42-56.
[32]FU X H.A Critique of the Protection Theory of Enterprise Data Property Rights:From Data Property Rights to Data Use Rights[J].Oriental Law,2022(2):132-143.
[33]ZHAO J B.Rationality and Legal Significance of Public Data Belonging to Government[J].Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law,2021,36(1):13-22.
[34]YI J L.State Ownership on Public Data[J].Legal Forum,2022,37(4):107-118.
[35]HU L.The Legal Status of Open Public Data in Local Legislation of China[J].Local Legislation Journal,2019,4(3):1-18.
[36]WANG L M.Utilitarianism of Big Data in Public Health Care[J].Journal of Zhejiang Gongshang University,2020,162(3):32-40.
[37]WAN F.“Consent” and “Consent Withdrawal” to the Proces-sing of Personal Information[J].China Legal Science,2021,219(1):167-188.
[38]PENG C X.Prerequisite Propositions and Core Paradigms ofDigital Jurisprudence[J].China Legal Science,2023(1):85-106.
[39]CAO B.On the Competition and Harmonization of LiabilityRules and Property Rules in the Protection of Personal Information[J].Global Law Review,2018,40(5):86-102.
[40]WANG L.Antitrust Review of the Innovative Effect on Data-driven Merger and Acquisition[J].Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences),2022,59(3):131-140.
[41]TANG Y J.Economic Analysis of Data Property Rights[J].Social Science Journal,2021(1):98-106,209.
[42]JIN Y.Jurisprudential Basis and Normative Reshaping of De-identification of Personal Information[J].Law Review,2017,35(3):120-130.
[43]WANG L M.Construction of Personal Information Anonymity Rules in the Perspective of Big Data[J].Journal of Yunnan Minzu University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition),2021,38(5):142-150.
[44]MENG Y B,WEI K,GUO S Y,et al.Big Data Competition:Industry,Law and Economics[M].Beijing:Law Press,2020:277-278,367-377.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
渝ICP备16013121号-4
地址：重庆市渝北区洪湖西路18号    邮编：401121  
电话：023-63500828（编辑部） 023-67039612（会议/专题） 023-67039623（财务/发票）
E-mail：jsjkx12@163.com
本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发