计算机科学

计算机科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 336-344.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.260100120

• 计算机软件 • 上一篇    下一篇

开源基金会的治理模式分类与对比分析

贺祥, 徐汉川, 王甜甜, 王忠杰   

  1. 哈尔滨工业大学计算学部 哈尔滨 150001
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 修回日期:2026-04-28 发布日期:2026-10-13
  • 通讯作者: 王忠杰(rainy@hit.edu.cn)
  • 作者简介:(hexiang@hit.edu.cn)
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(61832014)

Classification and Comparative Analysis of Governance Models in Open Source Foundations

HE Xiang, XU Hanchuan, WANG Tiantian, WANG Zhongjie   

  1. Faculty of Computing,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001, China
  • Received:2026-01-20 Revised:2026-04-28 Online:2026-10-13
  • About author:HE Xiang,born in 1997,Ph.D,associate researcher,master’s supervisor,is a member of CCF(No.96121M).His main research interests include software engineering and Internet service computing.
    WANG Zhongjie,born in 1978,Ph.D,professor,Ph.D supervisor,is a senior member of CCF(No.06531D).His main research interests include indus-trial software,software engineering,and Internet service computing.
  • Supported by:
    Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61832014).

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摘要： 开源软件已成为关键的数字公共基础设施,开源基金会则是支持其良性发展的治理主体。然而,基金会的制度设计需在相互冲突的目标间进行战略权衡。为此,构建了一个融合公共物品理论、委托代理理论与资源基础观的多维度分析框架;并在此基础上提出了一个核心的理论模型“开源治理三难困境”,即任何基金会都无法同时最大化战略方向、社区自治与生态中立。通过对3种典型治理模式(以Apache软件基金会为代表的“精英贤能共同体”、以云原生计算基金会为代表的“产业驱动平台整合者”以及以开放原子开源基金会为代表的“国家生态催化剂”)的深度案例比较,揭示了不同模式如何在该三难困境中进行取舍与平衡。研究发现,成功的开源治理是一个动态适应的过程,而非静态的结构选择。所提出的分析框架和三难困境模型,为理解和设计兼具韧性与全球影响力的开源生态系统提供了新的理论视角,并对中国开源基金会的未来发展路径具有重要的参考价值。

关键词: 开源治理, 数字公共基础设施, 开源基金会, 治理三难困境, 战略权衡

Abstract: Open source software(OSS) has become a critical form of digital public infrastructure,with open source foundations serving as its core governance institutions.The institutional design of these foundations,however,requires navigating inherent strategic trade-offs.To this end,this paper develops a “Governance Trilemma” model,positing that foundations cannot simulta-neously maximize strategic direction,community autonomy,and ecosystem neutrality.Through a comparative analysis of three archetypal governance models:the meritocratic community(Apache Software Foundation),the industry-driven platform integrator(Cloud Native Computing Foundation),and the national ecosystem catalyst(OpenAtom Foundation),this paper reveals how these models prioritize and balance the trilemma’s competing demands.The findings demonstrate that successful open source gover-nance is a dynamic process of institutional adaptation rather than a static structural choice.The proposed analytical framework and trilemma model offer a new theoretical lens for understanding and designing resilient,globally influential open source ecosystems,providing critical insights for China’s strategic initiatives in this domain.

Key words: Open source governance, Digital public infrastructure, Open source foundations, Governance trilemma, Strategic tra-de-offs

中图分类号: 

  • TP311
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