Abstract: Existing energy harvesting wireless sensor network clustering routing protocols focus on cluster head selection and cluster construction,and less research on inter-cluster routing.Inter-cluster routing mostly uses the minimum hop count or minimizing transmission energy between clusters as a strategy,without comprehensive consideration of data transmission energy consumption,nodes distribution,nodes'energy status and energy collection.The protocol cannot effectively balance the energy consumption of nodes,and the network near the base station is prone to the problem of energy hole.Aiming at the above problems in the network,an energy-balanced multi-hop clustering routing protocol based on solar energy is proposed.The protocol sets the number of clusters in each unit through reasonable area division to achieve non-uniform clustering of the network and balance the energy consumption of cluster head nodes in different units.In the cluster head selection stage,the nodes calculate the cluster head weights according to their own energy distribution and neighbor distribution,select the cluster head in turn,which can effectively balance the energy consumption of the nodes in the cluster.Finally,the protocol designs a routing strategy based on the PSO algorithm,improves the energy consumption efficiency of data transmission between clusters,and ensures the balanced energy consumption of the nodes in the transmission path.Through simulation analysis,the performance of this protocol to balance node energy consumption has obvious advantages over other protocols.It can maintain the stable period of the network for a long time and have higher network throughput.

Key words: Clustering routing, Energy consumption balance, Energy harvesting wireless sensor network, Non-uniform clustering, PSO algorithm