计算机科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (11A): 230100028-5.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.230100028
唐佳林, 林寿南, 周壮, 司炜, 王腾辉, 郑泽鑫
TANG Jialin, LIN Shounan, ZHOU Zhuang, SI Wei, WANG Tenghui, ZHENG Zexin
摘要: 点云配准是三维重建的关键技术。针对迭代最近点(ICP)算法存在收敛速度慢、配准效率低、配准时间长等难题,提出了一种基于特征变换结合 KD树改进ICP的快速点云配准方法。首先利用体素网格法进行初步降采样,在其差分高斯模型上获取三维尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)关键点;其次建立快速点特征直方图(FPFH);然后使用采样一致性初始配准(SAC-IA)算法,实现粗配准;最后根据得到的初始变换矩阵使用KD树改进的ICP算法,实现精配准。在斯坦福大学公开数据集上进行配准实验,结果表明,与ICP算法相比,所提改进算法具有较高的配准精确度和时间效率,且可为精确配准选择较优的初始位姿。文中在一定程度上避免了点云配准时存在的局部最优现象,为后续目标识别匹配和三维重建提供了一种高效的方法。
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