计算机科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 17-32.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.240400088

• 智能教育技术及应用 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于深度学习的个性化学习资源推荐综述

周洋涛, 褚华, 朱非非, 李祥铭, 韩子涵, 张帅   

  1. 西安电子科技大学计算机科学与技术学院 西安 710071
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-15 修回日期:2024-07-08 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-11
  • 通讯作者: 褚华(hchu@mail.xidian.edu.cn)
  • 作者简介:(zhou_yt@stu.xidian.edu.cn)
  • 基金资助:
    西安电子科技大学教育教学改革重点项目(A2304);中央高校基本科研业务费项目(ZYTS24092,QTZX24072,QTZX24085)

Survey on Deep Learning-based Personalized Learning Resource Recommendation

ZHOU Yangtao, CHU Hua, ZHU Feifei, LI Xiangming, HAN Zihan, ZHANG Shuai   

  1. School of Computer and Technology,Xidian University,Xi'an 710071,China
  • Received:2024-04-15 Revised:2024-07-08 Online:2024-10-15 Published:2024-10-11
  • About author:ZHOU Yangtao,born in 1998,postgra-duate,is a member of CCF(No.J4627G).His main research interests include recommendation system,educational big data and knowledge graph.
    CHU Hua,born in 1977,Ph.D,associate professor,is a member of CCF(No.K8691M).Her main research interests include recommendation system,educational big data,object-oriented programming and intelligent software engineering.
  • Supported by:
    Key Project of Education Teaching Reform of Xidian University(A2304) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZYTS24092,QTZX24072,QTZX24085).

摘要: 随着信息技术与教育教学的深度融合,新型在线教育作为智慧教育的核心组成部分,为学习者提供了便捷的在线学习平台与丰富的学习资源。然而,在线教育模式的蓬勃发展也催生了“知识过载”与“知识迷航”等显著问题,极大地限制了学习者的学习增益与效率。近年来,学习资源推荐作为一种实现信息过滤与处理的关键技术手段,旨在分析学习者的历史学习行为,捕获其中蕴含的学习需求,最终实现千人千面的学习资源推荐服务。精准的个性化学习资源推荐能够有效解决在线教育场景中“知识过载”与“知识迷航”难题,实现个性化在线教育,已成为各大在线学习平台中不可或缺的核心功能之一。同时,随着深度学习技术的不断发展,基于深度学习的个性化学习资源推荐已成为计算机与教育交叉领域的研究焦点。因此,以“如何实现个性化学习资源推荐”和“如何实现对推荐结果的评估”两个问题为导向,对现有的研究工作进行了多维度、多层次、系统性的总结分析。首先,从场景特性、推荐目标、深度学习技术、边信息集成方式以及推荐模式5个维度对学习资源的个性化推荐过程进行分类与总结,以解答“如何实现个性化学习资源推荐”的问题;其次,从数据集、评估指标、以及实验方式3个方面对推荐结果的评估过程进行归纳与比较,并提供所有开源数据集的统一下载链接,以解答“如何实现对推荐结果的评估”的问题;最后,从对当前学习资源推荐方法自身局限性的攻克以及对外部新兴技术的利用与融合两个方面探讨了学习资源推荐未来的研究趋势。

关键词: 智慧教育, 学习资源推荐, 个性化, 深度学习, 知识图谱

Abstract: With the deep integration of information technology and education,novel online education,as a pivotal component of smart education,provides learners with convenient online e-learning platforms and rich learning resources.However,the rapid development of online education modes has also led to significant challenges such as “knowledge overload” and “knowledge dis-orientation”,which severely limits learners' educational gains and efficiency.In recent years,learning resource recommendation,as a key technology for information filtering,aims to analyze learners' historical behaviors,capture their underlying learning needs,and ultimately achieve personalized learning resource recommendation services.Accurate personalized learning resource recommendations can effectively address the challenges of “knowledge overload” and “knowledge disorientation” in online education,making it an indispensable core function in major online e-learning platforms.In addition,with the continuous advancement of deep learning technologies,research on deep learning-based personalized learning resource recommendation has become a focal area of interdisciplinary study in computer science and education.Therefore,this paper systematically analyzes existing research from multiple dimensions and levels,guided by the research questions of “how to achieve personalized learning resource recommendations” and “how to evaluate recommendation results”.Specifically,the paper firstly categorizes and summarizes the per-sonalized recommendation process of learning resources from five dimensions,including characteristics,recommendation objectives,deep learning technologies,integration methods of side information,and recommendation patterns,to answer the question of how to realize personalized recommendation of learning resources.Second,this paper inductively compares the evaluation process of recommendation results from three aspects,including datasets,evaluation metrics,and experimental methods,and provides unified download links for all open-source datasets,to answer the question of how to evaluate the recommendation results.Finally,this paper explores future research trends of learning resource recommendation from two perspectives:overcoming the inherent limitations of current recommendation methods as well as integrating and utilizing external emerging technologies.

Key words: Smart education, Learning resource recommendation, Personalization, Deep learning, Knowledge graph

中图分类号: 

  • TP391
[1]ZHENG Q H,DONG B,QIAN B Y,et al.Research status and development trend of smart education[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2019,56(1):209-224.
[2]CHEN X,SUN Y H,DING C Q,et al.A knowledge graph-enhanced method of recommending online courses[J].Software Guide,2022,21(1):9-14.
[3]NABIZADEH A H,LEAL J P,RAFSANJANI H N,et al.Learning path personalization and recommendation methods:A survey of the state-of-the-art[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2020,159:113596.
[4]ZHONG L,WEI Y,YAO H,et al.Review of deep learning-based personalized learning recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 2020 11th International Conference on E-Education,E-Business,E-Management,and E-Learning.2020:145-149.
[5]ZHANG H,SHEN X,YI B,et al.KGAN:Knowledge grouping aggregation network for course recommendation in MOOCs[J].Expert Systems with Applications,2023,211:118344.
[6]DENG W,ZHU P,CHEN H,et al.Knowledge-aware sequence modelling with deep learning for online course recommendation[J].Information Processing & Management,2023,60(4):103377.
[7]WANG C,ZHU H,ZHU C,et al.Personalized employee trai-ning course recommendation with career development awareness[C]//Proceedings of the Web Conference.2020:1648-1659.
[8]WANG X,MA W,GUO L,et al.HGNN:Hyperedge-basedgraph neural network for MOOC course recommendation[J].Information Processing & Management,2022,59(3):102938.
[9]GONG J,WANG S,WANG J,et al.Attentional graph convolutional networks for knowledge concept recommendation in MOOCs in a heterogeneous view [C]//Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.Virtual Event China:ACM,2020:79-88.
[10]DONG Y F,WANG Y C,DONG Y,et al.Areview of onlinelearning resources recommendation[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2023,43(6):1655.
[11]YU P,LIU X Y,CHENG H,et al.Areview of online course recommendation systems [J].Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications,2023,59(22):1-14.
[12]XU C,HUANG H,YING X,et al.HGNN:Hierarchical graph neural network for predicting the classification of price-limit-hitting stocks[J].Information Sciences,2022,607:783-798.
[13]ZHOU J F,DU Y F,SONG B Y,et al.A MOOC video recommendation method based on meta-path attention mechanism[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2022,42(6):1808.
[14]TANG C L,LIAO J,WANG H C,et al.Conceptguide:Suppor-ting online video learning with concept map-based recommendation of learning path [C]//Proceedings of the Web Conference.2021:2757-2768.
[15]WU S X,LUO X Z,ZHONG M S,et al.MOOCDR-VSI:AMOOC resource dynamic recommendation model fusing video subtitles information[J].Journal of Computer Research and Development,2024,61(2):470-480.
[16]JIANG C M,FENG J,SUN X,et al.Personalized exercise recommendation algorithm based on knowledge point hierarchical graph[J].Computer Engineering and Applications,2018,54(10):229-235.
[17]ZHOU Y T,LI Q S,CHU H,et al.Knowledge point recommendation method based on static and dynamic learning demand perception[J/OL].https://www.jos.org.cn/jos/article/abstract/6962?st=search.
[18]ROSENBLATT F.The perceptron:a probabilistic model for information storage and organization in the brain[J].PsychologicalReview,1958,65(6):386.
[19]SEDHAIN S,MENON A K,SANNER S,et al.Autorec:Au-toencoders meet collaborative filtering[C]//Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on World Wide Web.2015:111-112.
[20]HE X,LIAO L,ZHANG H,et al.Neural collaborative filtering[C]//Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web.2017:173-182.
[21]ZHAO Z,YANG Y,LI C,et al.GuessUNeed:Recommending courses via neural attention network and course prerequisite relation embeddings[J].ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing,Communications,and Applications(TOMM),2020,16(4):1-7.
[22]LIN Y,FENG S,LIN F,et al.Multi-scale reinforced profile for personalized recommendation with deep neural networks in MOOCs[J].Applied Soft Computing,2023,148:110905.
[23]LECUN Y,BOSER B,DENKER J S,et al.Backpropagation applied to handwritten zip code recognition[J].Neural Computation,1989,1(4):541-551.
[24]ZHENG L,NOROOZI V,YU P S.Joint deep modeling of users and items using reviews for recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining.2017:425-434.
[25]SHU J,SHEN X,LIU H,et al.A content-based recommendation algorithm for learning resources[J].Multimedia Systems,2018,24(2):163-173.
[26]WANG J,XIE H,AU O,et al.Attention-based CNN for personalized course recommendations for MOOC learners [C]//2020 International Symposium on Educational Technology(ISET).IEEE,2020:180-184.
[27]HOCHREITER S,SCHMIDHUBER J.Long short-term memory[J].Neural Computation,1997,9(8):1735-1780.
[28]CHUNG J,GULCEHRE C,CHO K,et al.Empirical evaluation of gated recurrent neural networks on sequence modeling[C]//NIPS 2014 Workshop on Deep Learning.2014.
[29]DANG Y,YANG E,GUO G,et al.Uniform sequence better:Time interval aware data augmentation for sequential recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.2023:4225-4232.
[30]ZHANG Q,LI Y,ZHANG G,et al.A recurrent neural network-based recommender system framework and prototype for sequential E-learning[C]//Developments of Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Computation and Robotics:Proceedings of the 14th International FLINS Conference(FLINS 2020).2020:488-495.
[31]ZHOU Y,HUANG C,HU Q,et al.Personalized learning full-path recommendation model based on LSTM neural networks[J].Information Sciences,2018,444:135-152.
[32]BAN Q,WU W,HU W,et al.Knowledge-enhanced multi-task learning for course recommendation [C]//International Confe-rence on Database Systems for Advanced Applications.Cham:Springer International Publishing,2022:85-101.
[33]BERG R V,KIPF T N,WELLING M.Graph convolutional matrix completion[C]//ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.2018.
[34]HE X,DENG K,WANG X,et al.Lightgcn:Simplifying andpowering graph convolution network for recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.2020:639-648.
[35]ZHU Y,LU H,QIU P,et al.Heterogeneous teaching evaluation network based offline course recommendation with graph lear-ning and tensor factorization[J].Neurocomputing,2020,415:84-95.
[36]DAI J,LI Q S,CHU H,et al.Breakthrough insmart education:course recommendation system based on graph learning[J].Journal of Software,2022,33(10):3656-3672.
[37]FENG Y,YOU H,ZHANG Z,et al.Hypergraph neural net-works[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.2019:3558-3565.
[38]XIA L,HUANG C,XU Y,et al.Hypergraph contrastive colla-borative filtering[C]//Proceedings of the 45th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.2022:70-79.
[39]LIU X,ZHANG F,HOU Z,et al.Self-supervised learning:Ge-nerative or contrastive[J].IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,2021,35(1):857-876.
[40]ZHOU Y T,LI Q S,CHU H,et al.Inherent-attribute-awaredual-graph autoencoder for rating prediction[J].Journal of Information and Intelligence,2024,2(1):82-97.
[41]HINTON G E,ZEMEL R.Autoencoders,minimum description length and Helmholtz free energy[C]//Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems.1993.
[42]YU M,QUAN T,PENG Q,et al.A model-based collaborate filtering algorithm based on stacked AutoEncoder[J].Neural Computing and Applications,2022,1:1-9.
[43]CHEN X,SHEN J,XIA W,et al.Set-to-sequence ranking-based concept-aware learning path recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.2023:5027-5035.
[44]CAO Y,WANG X,HE X,et al.Unifying knowledge graphlearning and recommendation:Towards a better understanding of user preferences[C]//World Wide Web Conference.2019:151-161.
[45]YANG S,CAI X.Bilateral knowledge graph enhanced onlinecourse recommendation[J].Information Systems,2022,107:102000.
[46]ALATRASH R,CHATTI M,AIN Q,et al.ConceptGCN:Knowledge concept recommendation in MOOCs based on know-ledge graph convolutional networks and SBERT[J].Computers and Education:Artificial Intelligence,2024,6:100193.
[47]JING X,TANG J.Guess you like:course recommendation inMOOCs[C]//Proceedings of the International Conference on Web Intelligence.2017:783-789.
[48]ZHANG J,HAO B,CHEN B,et al.Hierarchical reinforcement learning for course recommendation in MOOCs[C]//Procee-dings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.2019:435-442.
[49]YU J,LUO G,XIAO T,et al.MOOCCube:A large-scale data repository for NLP applications in MOOCs[C]//Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics.2020:3135-3142.
[50]LIU K,ZHAO X,TANG J,et al.MOOPer:a large-scale dataset of practice-oriented online learning[C]//Proceedings of the 6th China Conference of Knowledge Graph and Semantic Computing:Knowledge Graph Empowers New Infrastructure Construction.2021:281-287.
[51]PANDEY S,SRIVASTAVA J.RKT:relation-aware self-attention for knowledge tracing[C]//Proceedings of the 29th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management.2020:1205-1214.
[52]ZHU R,ZHANG D,HAN C,et al.Programming knowledgetracing:A comprehensive dataset and a new model[C]//2022 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining Workshops(ICDMW).IEEE,2022:298-307.
[53]ZHANG S,HUI N,ZHAI P,et al.A fine-grained and multi-context-aware learning path recommendation model over knowledge graphs for online learning communities[J].Information Proces-sing & Management,2023,60(5):103464.
[54]YANG Y,ZHANG C,SONG X,et al.Contextualized knowledge graph embedding for explainable talent training course recommendation[J].ACM Transactions on Information Systems,2023,42(2):1-27.
[55]WU Z,LI M,TANG Y,et al.Exercise recommendation based on knowledge concept prediction[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2020,210:106481.
[56]ZHU T Y,HUANG Z Y,CHEN E H,et al.Apersonalized item recommendation method based on cognitive diagnosis[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,2017,40(1):176-191.
[57]LI Q,XIA W,YIN L,et al.Graph Enhanced Hierarchical reinforcement learning for goal-oriented learning path recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 32nd ACM InternationalConfe-rence on Information and Knowledge Management.2023:1318-1327.
[58]LIN Y,FENG S,LIN F,et al.Adaptive course recommendation in MOOCs[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2021,224:107085.
[59]SHI D,WANG T,XING H,et al.A learning path recommendation model based on a multidimensional knowledge graph framework for e-learning[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2020,195:105618.
[60]MAO Q,XIE W C,QIAO Y T,et al.A survey onsolutions to the cold start problem in recommendation systems[J/OL].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/article/abstract?v=dMo7FjsfBlG-uidsWNXWO4mmT72JQeYKoCak-wQ72fGS_7Jsg9K97dQv8MEynL4ALLfG034fbZuVQSby223Trfv2JWw2aM5Wk0414n-dphcr7JoT8uQ3FAHwwg64mB0LFZnqxEArZY8h00d7bRv9-s_6a8-Yw2NspVX6BAQHivFGBAc2bROhn-UAAxlcOND5xmSFb6r6fi4=&uni-platform=NZKPT&language=CHS.
[61]LIU Z P,YIN W Z,WANG W S,et al.HRS-DC:Ahybrid re-commendation model based on deep learning[J].Journal of Computer Engineering & Applications,2020,56(14):169-175.
[62]GAO G S.A survey ofexplainability methods in explainable re-commendation models [J/OL].https://kns.cnki.net/kcms2/ar-ticle/abstract?v=dMo7FjsfBlFi5gMu4gAOeyxNzhLTueCpFe_o72pI8-JsUkBZKe-pd-avfhJt06MgWxPtDczmooWm-zZCDrzTZcfEypppgPfRB9FP-ybixhAHhLZcr1l7GLtSoxUuEcflEi53Hk05Kc1t46E3p767ppdF_ZnO1Mll8P1QnsRcY9sr9w1UrkzTRhbUFDf2i6WLm&uniplat-form=NZKPT&language=CHS.
[63]CHEN Z,WANG X,XIE X,et al.Co-attentive multi-task lear-ning for explainable recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence.2019:2137-2143.
[64]CHEN H,CHEN X,SHI S,et al.Generate natural language explanations for recommendation[J].arXiv:2101.03392,2021.
[65]DWORK C,MCSHERRY F,NISSIM K,et al.Calibrating noise to sensitivity in private data analysis[C]//Theory of Cryptography:Third Theory of Cryptography Conference.New York:Springer Berlin Heidelberg,2006:265-284.
[66]TANG Q,WANG J.Privacy-preserving context-aware recom-mender systems:Analysis and new solutions[C]//Computer Security--ESORICS 2015:20th European Symposium on Research in Computer Security.Vienna:Springer International Publi-shing,2015:101-119.
[67]LIU Y X,CHEN H,LIU Y H,et al.Privacy- preserving techniques in federated learning[J].Journal of Software,2022,33(3):1057-1092.
[68]ZHOU J,JIANG G,DU W,et al.Profiling temporal learning interests with time-aware transformers and knowledge graph for online course recommendation[J].Electronic Commerce Research,2023,23(4):2357-2377.
[69]ZHAO S,WEI W,ZOU D,et al.Multi-view intent disentangle graph networks for bundle recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.ACM,2022:4379-4387.
[70]MA Y,HE Y,ZHANG A,et al.Crosscbr:Cross-view contrastive learning for bundle recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 28th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining.ACM,2022:1233-1241.
[71]ZHANG J,YANG X,SONG W,et al.Survey on learning communities in online education environment[J].Journal of Software,2023,33(11):5058-5083.
[72]WU X,XIONG Y,ZHANG Y,et al.Consrec:Learning consensus behind interactions for group recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference.ACM,2023:240-250.
[73]LIN B,CECCHI G,BOUNEFFOUF D.Psychotherapy AI companion with reinforcement learning recommendations and interpretable policy dynamics[C]//Companion Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference 2023.2023:932-939.
[74]WANG W,ZHANG Y,LI H,et al.Causal recommendation:Progresses and future directions[C]//Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.ACM,2023:3432-3435.
[75]ZHENG Y,GAO C,LI X,et al.Disentangling user interest and conformity for recommendation with causal embedding[C]//Proceedings of the Web Conference.ACM,2021:2980-2991.
[76]MA H,XIE R,MENG L,et al.Triple sequence learning forcross-domain recommendation[J].ACM Transactions on Information Systems,2024,42(4):1-29.
[77]ZHAO Y,LI C,PENG J,et al.Beyond the overlapping users:cross-domain recommendation via adaptive anchor link learning[C]//Proceedings of the 46th International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.2023:1488-1497.
[78]HUAN Z,LI A,ZHANG X,et al.SAMD:An industrial framework for heterogeneous multi-scenario recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 29th ACM SIGKDD Conference on Know-ledge Discovery and Data Mining.2023:4175-4184.
[79]HU Z,YE A N,HOSSEINI KHORASGANI S,et al.AdaCLIP:Towards pragmatic multimodal video retrieval[C]//Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia.ACM,2023:5623-5633.
[80]WANG L,ZHANG C,XU H,et al.Cross-modal contrastivelearning for multimodal fake news detection[C]//Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia.ACM,2023:5696-5704.
[81]ZHOU X,SHEN Z.A tale of two graphs:Freezing and denoi-sing graph structures for multimodal recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia.ACM,2023:935-943.
[82]WEI W,HUANG C,XIA L,et al.Multi-modal self-supervised learning for recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference.ACM,2023:790-800.
[83]PAN S,LUO L,WANG Y,et al.Unifying large language mo-dels and knowledge graphs:A roadmap[J].arXiv:2306.08302v2,2023.
[84]XU Y,OU J,XU H,et al.Temporal knowledge graph reasoning with historical contrastive learning[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.2023:4765-4773.
[85]ZHANG M,XIA Y,LIU Q,et al.Learning latent relations for temporal knowledge graph reasoning[C]//Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics(Volume 1:Long Papers).2023:12617-12631.
[86]JIANG T,LIU T,GE T,et al.Towards time-aware knowledge graph completion[C]//Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on Computational Linguistics.2016:1715-1724.
[87]ZHAO Y,WANG X,CHEN J,et al.Time-aware path reasoning on knowledge graph for recommendation[J].ACM Transactions on Information Systems,2022,41(2):1-26.
[88]ZHANG M,XIA Y,LIU Q,et al.Learning long-and short-term representations for temporal knowledge graph reasoning[C]//Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference.ACM,2023:2412-2422.
[89]OUYANG L,WU J,JIANG X,et al.Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback[J].Advances inNeural Information Processing Systems,2022,35:27730-27744.
[90]TOUVRON H,LAVRIL T,IZACARD G,et al.Llama:Openand efficient foundation language models[J].arXiv:2302.13971,2023.
[91]ZENG A,LIU X,DU Z,et al.GLM-130B:Anopen bilingual pre-trained model[C]//The Eleventh International Conference on Learning Representations.2022.
[92]ZHU Y,WU L,GUO Q,et al.Collaborative large language mo-del for recommender systems[C]//Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference.ACM,2024.
[93]WU L,QIU Z,ZHENG Z,et al.Exploring large language model for graph data understanding in online job recommendations[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.2024,38(8):9178-9186.
[94]REN X,WEI W,XIA L,et al.Representationlearning with largelanguage models for recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the ACM Web Conference.ACM,2024.
[95]LIU J,LIU C,LV R,et al.Is chatgpt a good recommender? a preliminary study[J].arXiv:2304.10149,2023.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!