计算机科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 186-192.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.180901702
郑诚, 薛满意, 洪彤彤, 宋飞豹
ZHENG Cheng, XUE Man-yi, HONG Tong-tong, SONG Fei-bao
摘要: 文本分类是自然语言处理中一项比较基础的任务,如今深度学习技术被广泛用于处理文本分类任务。在处理文本序列时,卷积神经网络可以提取局部特征,循环神经网络可以提取全局特征,它们都表现出了不错的效果。但是,卷积神经网络不能很好地捕获文本的上下文相关语义信息,循环神经网路对语义的关键信息不敏感。另外,利用更深层次的网络虽然可以更好地提取特征,但是容易产生梯度消失或梯度爆炸问题。针对以上问题,文中提出了一种基于密集连接循环门控单元卷积网络的混合模型(DC-BiGRU_CNN)。该模型首先用一个标准的卷积神经网络训练出字符级词向量,然后将其与词级词向量进行拼接并作为网络输入层。受密集连接卷积网络的启发,在对文本进行高级语义建模阶段时,采用文中提出的密集连接双向门控循环单元,其可以弥补梯度消失或梯度爆炸的缺陷,并且加强了每一层特征之间的传递,实现了特征复用;对前面提取的深层高级语义表示进行卷积和池化操作以获得最终的语义特征表示,再将其输入到softmax层,实现对文本的分类。在多个公开数据集上的研究结果表明,DC-BiGRU_CNN模型在执行文本分类任务时准确率有显著提升。此外,通过实验分析了模型的不同部件对性能提升的作用,研究了句子的最大长度值、网络的层数、卷积核的大小等参数对模型效果的影响。
中图分类号:
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