计算机科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6A): 250900105-9.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.250900105
金克寒, 贾日恒
JIN Kehan, JIA Riheng
摘要： 针对最后一英里配送物流,提出了一种新颖的同步卡车-无人机路径规划问题。通过引入两种创新机制扩展了框架:一种无人机交换机制,允许无人机由不同的卡车发射和回收;一种动态等待机制,使卡车能够在客户节点等待,以实现最佳的无人机回收。这些机制提高了路径规划的灵活性和配送效率。该问题被表述为一个多目标混合整数线性规划问题,旨在最小化总运输成本,通过及时交付最大化客户满意度并优化完工时间。改进了遗传算法(GA),并将其与3种元启发式算法进行比较,分别是模拟退火算法(SA)、自适应大邻域搜索算法(ALNS)和蚁群优化算法(ACO)。实验结果表明,与传统的固定卡车-无人机模型相比,新机制显著改善了成本、满意度和时间指标(优化程度5%~15%)。对比分析突出了改进遗传算法的优势,其对新机制表现出卓越的适应性。研究结果强调了灵活的无人机-卡车协同在高效最后一英里物流中的潜力。
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