计算机科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (11): 145-155.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.181102210
李文海, 彭鑫, 丁丹, 向麒麟, 郭晓峰, 周翔, 赵文耘
LI Wen-hai, PENG Xin, DING DAN, XIANG Qi-lin, GUO Xiao-feng, ZHOU Xiang, ZHAO Wen-yun
摘要: 云计算时代,越来越多的企业开始采用微服务架构进行软件开发或者传统巨石应用改造。然而,微服务系统具有较高的复杂性和动态性,当系统出现故障时,目前没有方法或者工具能够有效支持对故障根源的定位。为此,文中首次提出通过调用链信息关联单次业务请求在所有服务上产生的业务日志,并在此基础上研究基于日志可视化分析的微服务系统调试方法。首先定义了微服务的日志模型,规范化微服务日志可视化分析所需要的数据信息;然后针对4种典型的微服务故障(有异常抛出的普通故障、无异常抛出的逻辑故障、服务异步调用序列未控制导致的故障以及服务多实例版本或状态不一致导致的故障)总结出5种可视化调试策略,用于支持对故障根源的定位,5种策略包括:单条调用链日志查看、不同调用链对比、服务异步调用分析、服务多实例分析以及调用链分段。为了实现服务异步调用分析和服务多实例分析,文中设计了两个算法,同时,设计并实现了一个原型工具LogVisualization。LogVisua-lization可以收集微服务系统运行时产生的日志信息、调用链数据以及集群的节点和服务实例信息,能够以较小的代码侵入性,实现通过调用链信息关联所有业务日志,支持用户使用5种策略进行可视化调试。最后,将该原型工具应用于实际的微服务系统,通过与现有工具(Zipkin+ELK)的实验对比,验证了该原型工具在4种微服务故障根源定位上的有用性和高效性。
中图分类号:
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