Abstract: Authentication key agreement protocols are crucial mechanisms for ensuring the authenticity of communication entities and the confidentiality of session keys,playing a vital role in modern communication systems.However,most current authentication protocols rely on traditional mathematical problems such as discrete logarithm or integer factorization,which are vulnerable to quantum computing attacks.To address this challenge,a certificateless anonymous authentication key agreement protocol based on lattices is proposed,whose security can be reduced to the intractability of the ring learning with errors problem.The proposed protocol achieves mutual authentication within two rounds of message exchanges,while ensuring user anonymity and forward security.Moreover,it eliminates the need for managing complex certificates,thereby mitigating the security risks associated with key management center.Through both formal and informal security analyses,it is demonstrated that the protocol effectively resists various attacks and exhibits strong robustness.Performance comparison results indicate that the protocol significantly enhances security while effectively reducing computational overhead.

Key words: Lattice-based cryptography, Authenticated key agreement protocol, Ring learning with errors, Certificateless, Anonymous