Abstract: Since the event driven wireless sensor networks required strong real-time and high reliability for data transmission, the access efficiency and queue length which were obtained from the media access control layer were regarded as routing metric parameters. However, there is increasing concern that the AntNet algorithm is being disadvantaged because of large transmission delay and slow polymerization in the heavy-loading wireless sensor networks, so the loadsensing and efficient accessing routing protocol was proposed based on multiple ant colony algorithm. In order to seek the optimal path for data transmission in wireless sensor networks, the delay, load, access efficiency were considered as routing metric parameters. The results show that the cross layer routing protocol can guarantee the real time for data transmission and achieve the congestion control and load balancing for wireless sensor networks.

Key words: Wireless sensor networks, Routing, Multiple ant colony algorithm, Cross layer design, Quality of service