Abstract: With the rapid deployment of 5G communication networks,their importance in the construction of an information-based society has become increasingly prominent.The application of 5G heterogeneous network technology and centralized C-RAN networking has brought efficient cell edge coordinated processing and cost savings,but it has also led to issues such as an excessively large frontend network scale and increased transmission line construction costs.To address this problem,this paper proposes a base station engineering planning method based on clustering and heuristic algorithms to investigate the optimal deployment locations for C-RAN base stations.This method constructs a K-means clustering model,using the Euclidean distance between base stations and AAU/RRU as a constraint,to seek the optimal base station deployment locations.In the simulation and result analysis,the Elbow method is combined to determine the optimal clustering K value.The C-RAN site locations determined based on this are more reasonable,ensuring connectivity to each wireless transceiver point while minimizing the cost of optical cable consumption.This method has good generalizability and can provide useful references for future mobile communication network planning and construction.

Key words: C-RAN networking, Base station planning, K-means clustering, Elbow method, Particle swarm optimization algorithm