融入区块链技术的医疗数据存储机制

doi:10.11896/jsjkx.190400001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 医疗机构现有数据库存储的单一性和集中性,使得电子医疗数据的安全性、完整性和可追溯性无法得到保证,从而导致患者的医疗隐私受到威胁。虽然已有研究提出了基于云存储等数据安全存储的方案,但是其需要依赖一个完全可信的第三方来保证交互的可靠性。为此,文中提出了去中心化的区块链信息管理方案来实现医疗数据的安全存储。该方案采用了改进PBFT共识算法和优化Hash加密算法,将医疗数据安全有效地存储于分布式数据库中,保证了医疗数据的完整性和可追溯性;同时,设计了全新的数据交互系统来阻止第三方与数据库的直接交互,以防止不可信的第三方恶意破坏医疗数据,保证了数据的安全性;最后,通过访问控制与Lucene检索机制保护患者的隐私并实现医疗数据的快速检索。实验分析表明,相较于工作量证明(Proof of Work,POW)、股份授权证明(Delegated Proof of Stake,DPOS)等算法,改进的PBFT共识算法为医疗区块链系统提供了更优的稳定性和吞吐量;相比于普通的数据库交互,数据交互系统有效地阻止了对数据库的直接操作,具有较好的安全性和防篡改性。实验数据表明,去中心化的医疗数据存储系统、改进的PBFT共识算法以及数据交互系统的架构,实现了医疗数据的安全、可追溯和防篡改,解决了医疗数据集中存储、不可追溯和易受攻击等难点,为进一步推动区块链技术应用于医疗信息行业的发展奠定了基础。

关键词: 医疗区块链, 共识算法, 隐私保护, 数据交互, 访问控制

Abstract: The Singularity and centrality of Medical Institutions’ existing database storage makes the security,integrity and traceability of electronic medical data impossible to be guaranteed,as a result,the medical privacy of patients is threatened.Although existing research has proposed a secure data storage scheme based on cloud storage,it needs to rely on a fully trusted third party to ensure the reliability of interaction.Therefore,this paper proposed a decentralized block chain information management scheme to achieve the safe storage of medical data.This scheme adopts improved PBFT consensus algorithm and optimized Hash encryption algorithm to store medical data safely and effectively in distributed database to ensure the integrity and traceabi-lity of medical data.At the same time,it proposes and designs a new data interaction system to prevent the direct interaction between the third party and the database,prevent the untrustworthy third party from maliciously destroying medical data and ensure the data.Finally,through access control and Lucene search mechanism to ensure patient privacy and achieve rapid retrieval of medical data.Experiments show that the improved PBFT consensus algorithm provides better stability and throughput than proof of work(POW) and delegated proof of stake (DPOS).Compared with the common database interaction,the data interaction system in this paper effectively prevents the direct operation of the database and has better security and tamper resistance.The experimental data show that the decentralized medical data storage system,the improved PBFT consensus algorithm and the data interaction system architecture have realized the security,traceability and tamper-proof of medical data,solved the difficulties of centralized storage,traceability and vulnerability of medical data,and laid a foundation for further promoting the application of block chain technology in the development of medical information industry.

Key words: Medical blockchain, Consensus algorithm, Privacy protection, Data interaction, Access control

中图分类号:

TP393

王辉, 刘玉祥, 曹顺湘, 周明明. 融入区块链技术的医疗数据存储机制[J]. 计算机科学, 2020, 47(4): 285-291.

WANG Hui, LIU Yu-xiang, CAO Shun-xiang, ZHOU Ming-ming. Medical Data Storage Mechanism Integrating Blockchain Technology[J]. Computer Science, 2020, 47(4): 285-291.

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