计算机科学

计算机科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 80-90.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.250800026

• 计算机图形学 & 多媒体 • 上一篇    下一篇

虚拟现实中速度驱动场景缩放对行走与查找效率提升的研究

冀红茹1,2, 任洋甫1,2,3, 胥森哲4, 张松海1,2,3   

  1. 1 青海大学计算机技术与应用学院 西宁 810016
    2 青海省智能计算与应用实验室 西宁 810016
    3 清华大学计算机科学与技术系 北京 100084
    4 北京科技大学计算机与通信工程学院 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07 修回日期:2025-11-23 出版日期:2026-07-15 发布日期:2026-07-10
  • 通讯作者: 任洋甫(ryf21@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn)
  • 作者简介:(jihongru2025@163.com)
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2023YFF0905104);国家自然科学基金(62402281);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(FRF-TP-25-036);清华-腾讯互联网创新技术联合实验室;研究生教育综合改革与高质量发展(资金)(101601-4211010101)

Research on Speed Driven Scene Scaling in Virtual Reality to Improve Walking and Searching Efficiency

JI Hongru1,2, REN Yangfu1,2,3, XU Senzhe4, ZHANG Songhai1,2,3   

  1. 1 School of Computer Technology and Application,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China
    2 Qinghai Provincial Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Applications,Xining 810016,China
    3 Department of Computer Science and Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China
    4 School of Computer and Communication Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China
  • Received:2025-08-07 Revised:2025-11-23 Published:2026-07-15 Online:2026-07-10
  • About author:JI Hongru,born in 1999,postgraduate,is a student member of CCF(No.A13547G).Her main research interest is virtual reality.
    REN Yangfu,born in 1988,postgra-duate,lecturer,is a member of CCF(No.62198 M).His main research interests include computer graphics and virtual reality.
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFF0905104),National Natural Science Foundation of China(62402281),Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-25-036),Tsinghua-Tencent Joint Laboratory for Internet Innovation Technology and Comprehensive Reform and High Quality Development of Graduate Education(Funding)(101601-4211010101).

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摘要： 虚拟现实(VR)为用户提供了一个沉浸式的三维数字环境,然而,要在有限的物理空间中实现无约束的自然行走体验,仍然面临诸多技术挑战。现有的VR移动方法,如传送、原地行走、重定向行走(Redirected Walking,RDW)等,取得了一定进展。然而,这些方法仍存在局限性,如缺乏自然感、对额外硬件的依赖以及可能引发晕动症等副作用。受洛伦兹收缩(Lorentz Contraction)物理现象的启发,提出了一种名为“三维空间收缩”的创新的VR移动方法。与洛伦兹收缩现象只在观测者行进方向上发生一维收缩不同,该方法根据用户移动速度的大小在三维空间中对虚拟环境进行缩放,不仅可以使用户通过较短的物理行走有效地跨越较长的虚拟距离,还可以使用户的视野变得更加宽阔。与RDW技术中的“平移增益”不同,三维空间收缩并不致力于微妙地欺骗用户的感知,而是允许用户显式感知空间的变化,因此在提升效率方面具有更好的效果。当用户的物理移动速度较快时,虚拟空间将在3个维度上进行收缩,此时用户的虚拟化身会相对高大,视野更加宽阔、移动更加简单;而在用户物理移动速度较慢时,虚拟空间则接近其原始大小,从而能够减少感知上的冲突。三维空间收缩是一种通用的移动方法,它不依赖于特定的虚拟场景。在两种虚拟场景中的实地用户研究表明,该方法在提高行走效率和查找效率方面效果显著,并且可以与现有移动技术(如RDW)进行有效集成。

关键词: 虚拟现实, 空间收缩, 移动, 行走速度, 查找效率

Abstract: Virtual reality(VR)provides users with an immersive 3D digital environment,but it is still a technical challenge to realize natural walking without being limited by physical space.Previous VR mobility methods,such as transmission,walking in place,and redirected walking(RDW),have made some progress in overcoming this challenge.However,these methods also face some limitations,such as the sense of unnatural,additional hardware requirements or the risk of motion sickness.This paper proposes an innovative VR movement method called “three-dimensional space contraction”,which is inspired by the Lorentz contraction phenomenon in special relativity.Similar to Lorenz contraction,the three-dimensional space contraction shrinks the three-dimensional virtual space according to the size of the user's moving speed,that is,when the user's speed is high,the virtual space shrinks more,at this time,the person will be relatively high,thus the vision will be wider,while when the user's moving speed is low,the three-dimensional virtual space shows almost no contraction.Using the method of three-dimensional space contraction,users can not only effectively span a long virtual distance through a shorter physical walk,but also have a broader vision.The difference from the translation gain is that space contraction effect is observable by users and consistent with their intentions,so there is no inconsistency between the user's ontology and visual perception.VR users will become giants according to the change of speed during walking,so that the vision will be wider and the search efficiency will be improved.When the user's physical movement speed is relatively slow,the virtual space approaches its original size,thereby reducing perceptual conflicts.3D space contraction is a general moving method,which has no special requirements for VR scenes.Experimental results of field user research in various virtual scenes show that 3D space contraction has a significant effect in improving walking efficiency and search efficiency.In addition,experiments also show that 3D space contraction has the potential to integrate with existing mobile technologies(such as RDW).

Key words: Virtual reality, Space compression, Movement, Walking speed, Search efficiency

中图分类号: 

  • TP391
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