计算机科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (11): 151-158.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.210500038

• 区块链技术* 上一篇    下一篇

面向物联网的PBFT优化共识算法

刘炜1,2, 阮敏捷1, 佘维1,2, 张志鸿3, 田钊1   

  1. 1 郑州大学软件学院 郑州450000
    2 郑州大学互联网医疗与健康服务河南省协同创新中心 郑州450000
    3 郑州大学信息工程学院 郑州450000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-08 修回日期:2021-07-27 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-11-10
  • 通讯作者: 田钊(tianzhao@zzu.edu.cn)
  • 作者简介:wliu@zzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(21HASTIT031);河南省重大公益专项(201300210300);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2019GGJS018);河南省重点研发与推广专项(212102310039,212102310554);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(20A520035);中国铁路北京局集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重大课题(2021AY03)

PBFT Optimized Consensus Algorithm for Internet of Things

LIU Wei1,2, RUAN Min-jie1, SHE Wei1,2, ZHANG Zhi-hong3, TIAN Zhao1   

  1. 1 School of Software,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China
    2 Collaborative Innovation Center of Internet Medical and Health Services,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China
    3 School of Information Engineering,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China
  • Received:2021-05-08 Revised:2021-07-27 Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-11-10
  • About author:LIU Wei,born in 1981,Ph.D,associate professor,is a member of China Computer Federation.His main research interests include blockchain,wireless mesh work and information security.
    TIAN Zhao,born in 1985,Ph.D,lectu-rer.His main research interests include information security,blockchain and intelligent transportation.
  • Supported by:
    Program for Science & Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(21HASTIT031),Major Public Welfare Project of Henan Province(201300210300),Training Plan for Young Backbone Teachers of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(2019GGJS018),Scientific and Technological Research Project in Henan Province(212102310039,212102310554),Key Scientific Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(20A520035) and Major Project of Science and Technology Research and Development Plan of China Railway Beijing Group Co. Ltd.(2021AY03).

摘要: 面对大量的物联网事务,高效的共识算法是区块链技术应用于物联网的关键。物联网设备大多以无线通信的方式接入互联网,基于此,文中构建了一种大规模无线密集型网络场景。针对该场景下实用拜占庭容错算法网络通信开销过高、共识时延较长、吞吐量较低的问题,提出了一种基于聚类的实用拜占庭容错算法。首先依据位置特征对节点进行聚类,形成一个多中心层次化的网络结构;其次将共识任务进行分解,在底层和上层网络中分别进行共识,以减少共识所需的通信量;最后引入动态信誉模型评估节点的可信度,减少异常节点的参与,提高系统的安全性和可靠性。实验结果表明,基于聚类的实用拜占庭容错算法能够有效减少通信开销和共识时延,并提高吞吐量。

关键词: PBFT, 动态信誉模型, 聚类, 区块链, 物联网

Abstract: Faced with a large number of IoT transactions,efficient consensus algorithm plays a key role in the application of blockchain technology into IoT.In this paper,according to the problems of long consensus time delay and low throughput in practical Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm (PBFT),we propose a practical Byzantine fault tolerant algorithm based on clustering (C-PBFT).Firstly,the nodes are clustered according to location features to form a network structure with multiple centers and layers.Then,consensus tasks are divided to conduct consensus in bottom and top network,thereby reducing the communication cost needed by consensus.Finally,credibility of dynamic credit model evaluation node is introduced to reduce the participation of abnormal nodes and increase the security and reliability of the system.Experimental results show that the C-PBFT algorithm can effectively reduce communication overhead,consensus delay and improve throughput.

Key words: Blockchain, Clustering, Dynamic credit model, Internet of things, PBFT

中图分类号: 

  • TP302
[1]KIM U H,KIM J H.A Stabilized Feedback Episodic Memory (SF-EM) and Home Service Provision Framework for Robot and IoT Collaboration[J].IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics,2020,50(5):2110-2123.
[2]OGAWA K,KANAI K,NAKAMURA K,et al.IoT Device Virtualization for Efficient Resource Utilization in Smart City IoT Platform[C]//2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops).IEEE,2019:419-422.
[3]WU X,DUAN J,ZHONG M,et al.VNF Chain Placement for Large Scale IoT of Intelligent Transportation[J].Sensors,2020,20(14):3819.
[4]PAWAR P,VITTAL P K.Design and development of advanced smart energy management system integrated with IoT framework in smart grid environment[J].Journal of Energy Storage,2019,25(Oct.):100846.1-100846.13.
[5]KUMAR T,HARJULA E,EJAZ M,et al.BlockEdge:Blockchain-Edge Framework for Industrial IoT Networks[J].IEEE Access,2020,8:154166-154185.
[6]XU L D,HE W,LI S.Internet of Things in Industries:A Survey[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2014,10(4):2233-2243.
[7]YU Y,DING Y,ZHAO Y,et al.LRCoin:Leakage-resilientCryptocurrency Based on Bitcoin for Data Trading in IoT[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2018,6(3):4702-4710.
[8]AMMI M,ALARABI S,BENKHELIFA E.Customized blockchain-based architecture for secure smart home for lightweight IoT[J].Information Processing & Management,2021,58(3):102482.
[9]SUN Y,ZHANG L,FENG G,et al.Blockchain-Enabled Wireless Internet of Things:Performance Analysis and Optimal Communication Node Deployment[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2019,6(3):5791-5802.
[10]SI H,SUN C,LI Y,et al.IoT information sharing securitymechanism based on blockchain technology[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2019,101(Dec.):1028-1040.
[11]BISWAS S,SHARIF K,LI F,et al.PoBT:A Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for Scalable IoT Business Blockchain[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2020,7(3):2343-2355.
[12]HUANG Y,ZHANG J,DUAN J,et al.Resource Allocation andConsensus on Edge Blockchain in Pervasive Edge Computing Environments [C]//2019 IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (ICDCS).IEEE,2019:1476-1486.
[13]TIAN Z H,ZHAO J D.Overview of blockchain consensusmechanism for internet of things[J].Journal of Computer Applications,2021,41(4):917-929.
[14]SALIMITARI M,CHATTERJEE M,FALLAH Y.A Survey on Consensus Methods in Blockchain for Resource-constrained IoT Networks[J].Internet of Things,2020,11:1-19.
[15]CASTRO M,LISKOV B.Practical Byzantine fault tolerance[C]//Proceeding of the 3rd Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation.New Orleans,USA:USENIX Association,1999:173-186.
[16]HAN R,GRAMOLI V,XU X.Evaluating Blockchains for IoT[C]//Ifip International Conference on New Technologies.2018:1-5.
[17]LAO L,DAI X,XIAO B,et al.G-PBFT:A Location-based and Scalable Consensus Protocol for IoT-Blockchain Applications[C]//2020 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Proces-sing Symposium (IPDPS).IEEE,2020:664-673.
[18]KUDVA S,BADSHA S,SENGUPTA S,et al.Towards Secure and Practical Consensus for Blockchain based VANET[J].Information Sciences,2020,545:170-187.
[19]WANG F Y,CAI S S,LIN T C,et al.Study of Blockchains's Consensus MechanismBased on Credit[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:10224-10231.
[20]LI Y,WANG Z,FAN J,et al.An Extensible Consensus Algorithm Based on PBFT[C]//2019 International Conference on Cyber-Enabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discovery (CyberC).2019:17-23.
[21]LI W,FENG C,ZHANG L,et al.A Scalable Multi-layer PBFT Consensus for Blockchain[J].IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2021,32(5):1146-1160.
[22]BAO Z S,WANG K X,ZHANG W B.A Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance Consensus Algorithm Based on Tree Topological Network[J].Journal of Applied Sciences,2020,38(1):34-50.
[23]DUAN J,LV X,LIU F.Hierarchical Consensus Optimization of Blockchain Based on Trust Delegation[J].Computer Enginee-ring,2020,46(10):120-130,136.
[24]CHEN Z H,LI Q.Improved PBFT Consensus Mechanism Based on K-medoids[J].Computer Science,2019,46(12):101-107.
[25]YU G,WU B,NIU X.Improved Blockchain Consensus Mechanism Based on PBFT Algorithm[C]//2020 2nd International Conference on Advances in Computer Technology,Information Science and Communications (CTISC).2020:14-21.
[1] 柴慧敏, 张勇, 方敏.
基于特征相似度聚类的空中目标分群方法
Aerial Target Grouping Method Based on Feature Similarity Clustering
计算机科学, 2022, 49(9): 70-75. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210800203
[2] 鲁晨阳, 邓苏, 马武彬, 吴亚辉, 周浩浩.
基于分层抽样优化的面向异构客户端的联邦学习
Federated Learning Based on Stratified Sampling Optimization for Heterogeneous Clients
计算机科学, 2022, 49(9): 183-193. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.220500263
[3] 王子凯, 朱健, 张伯钧, 胡凯.
区块链与智能合约并行方法研究与实现
Research and Implementation of Parallel Method in Blockchain and Smart Contract
计算机科学, 2022, 49(9): 312-317. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210800102
[4] 张翀宇, 陈彦明, 李炜.
边缘计算中面向数据流的实时任务调度算法
Task Offloading Online Algorithm for Data Stream Edge Computing
计算机科学, 2022, 49(7): 263-270. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210300195
[5] 鲁晨阳, 邓苏, 马武彬, 吴亚辉, 周浩浩.
基于DBSCAN聚类的集群联邦学习方法
Clustered Federated Learning Methods Based on DBSCAN Clustering
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 232-237. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.211100059
[6] 郁舒昊, 周辉, 叶春杨, 王太正.
SDFA:基于多特征融合的船舶轨迹聚类方法研究
SDFA:Study on Ship Trajectory Clustering Method Based on Multi-feature Fusion
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 256-260. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.211100253
[7] 毛森林, 夏镇, 耿新宇, 陈剑辉, 蒋宏霞.
基于密度敏感距离和模糊划分的改进FCM算法
FCM Algorithm Based on Density Sensitive Distance and Fuzzy Partition
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 285-290. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210700042
[8] 陈景年.
一种适于多分类问题的支持向量机加速方法
Acceleration of SVM for Multi-class Classification
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 297-300. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210400149
[9] 傅丽玉, 陆歌皓, 吴义明, 罗娅玲.
区块链技术的研究及其发展综述
Overview of Research and Development of Blockchain Technology
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 447-461. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210600214
[10] 高健博, 张家硕, 李青山, 陈钟.
RegLang:一种面向监管的智能合约编程语言
RegLang:A Smart Contract Programming Language for Regulation
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 462-468. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210700016
[11] 毛典辉, 黄晖煜, 赵爽.
符合监管合规性的自动合成新闻检测方法研究
Study on Automatic Synthetic News Detection Method Complying with Regulatory Compliance
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 523-530. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210300083
[12] 刘丽, 李仁发.
医疗CPS协作网络控制策略优化
Control Strategy Optimization of Medical CPS Cooperative Network
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 39-43. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210300230
[13] 张翕然, 刘万平, 龙华.
物联网僵尸网络病毒的传播动力学模型与分析
Dynamic Model and Analysis of Spreading of Botnet Viruses over Internet of Things
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 738-743. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210300212
[14] 周航, 姜河, 赵琰, 解相朋.
适用于各单元共识交易的电力区块链系统优化调度研究
Study on Optimal Scheduling of Power Blockchain System for Consensus Transaction ofEach Unit
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 771-776. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210600241
[15] 李博, 向海昀, 张宇翔, 廖浩德.
面向食品溯源场景的PBFT优化算法应用研究
Application Research of PBFT Optimization Algorithm for Food Traceability Scenarios
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 723-728. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210800018
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!