Computer Science ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 16-25.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.200500095

Special Issue: Intelligent Edge Computing; Internet of Things

• Intelligent Edge Computing • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Survey on Task Offloading Techniques for Mobile Edge Computing with Multi-devices and Multi-servers in Internet of Things

LIANG Jun-bin1,2, TIAN Feng-sen1,2, JIANG Chan3, WANG Tian-shu4   

  1. 1 School of Computer and Electronic Information,Guangxi University,Nanning 530004,China
    2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communication and Network Technology,Nanning 530004,China
    3 Guangxi University Xingjian College of Science and Liberal Arts,Nanning 530005,China
    4 Neusoft Group (Nanning) Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530007,China
  • Received:2020-05-21 Revised:2020-11-04 Online:2021-01-15 Published:2021-01-15
  • About author:LIANG Jun-bin,born in 1979,Ph.D,professor,Ph.D supervisor.His main research interests include wireless sensor networks,network deployment and optimization.
    TIAN Feng-sen,born in 1995,postgra-duate.His main research interests include wireless sensor networks and internet of things.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(61562005),Major Project of Guangxi(guike AB19259006) and Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi(2019GXNSFAA185042,2018GXNSFBA281169).

Abstract: With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology,there are a large number of devices with different functions (such as a variety of smart home equipment,mobile intelligent transportation devices,intelligent logistics or warehouse management equipment,etc.,with different sensors),which are connected to each other and widely used in intelligent cities,smart factories and other fields.However,the limited processing power of these IoT devices makes it difficult to meet the demand for delay-sensitive,computation-intensive applications.The emergence of mobile edge computing (MEC) effectively solves this problem.IoT devices can offload tasks to edge servers and use them to perform computing tasks.These servers are usually deployed by the network operator at the edge of the network,that is,the network access layer close to the client,which is used to aggregate the user network.At a certain time,IoT devices may be in the coverage area of multiple edge servers,and they share the limited computing and communication resources of the servers.In this complex environment,it is an NP-hard problem to formulate a task offloading and resource allocation scheme to optimize the delay of task completion or the energy consumption of IoT devices.At present,lots of work has been done on this issue and make some progress,but some problems still exist in the practical application.In order to further promote the research in this field,this paper analyzes and summarizes the latest achievements in recent years,compares their advantages and disadvantages,and looks forward to the future work.

Key words: Internet of things, Mobile edge computing, Offloading decision, Resource allocation, Task offloading

CLC Number: 

  • TP393
[1] ASHTON.That ‘Internet of Things' Thing[J].RFID Journal,2009,22(7):97-114.
[2] ASIR T R G,MANOHAR H L.Key Challenges and Success Factors in IoT-A Study on Impact of Data[C]//International Conference on Computer,Communication,and Signal Processing.IEEE,2018:1-5.
[3] CHENG S,CHEN Z,LI J,et al.Task Assignment Algorithms in Data Shared Mobile Edge Computing Systems[C]//the IEEE 39th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.IEEE,2019:997-1006.
[4] DINH H T,LEE C,NIYATOD.A survey of mobile cloud computing:architecture,applications,and approaches[J].Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing,2013,13(18):1587-1611.
[5] FERNANDO N,LOKE S W,RAHAYU W.Mobile cloud computing:A survey[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2013,29(1):84-106.
[6] LIU X,CHEN Z.An Adaptive Multimedia Signal Transmission Strategy in Cloud-Assisted Vehicular Networks[C]//the 5th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud.IEEE,2017:220-226.
[7] VÁZQUEZ-GALLEGO F,VILALTA R,GARCÍA A.Demo:A Mobile Edge Computing-based Collision Avoidance System for Future Vehicular Networks[C]//IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops.IEEE,2019:904-905.
[8] SALMAN O,ELHAJJ I.Edge computing enabling the Internet of Things[C]//the 2nd World Forum on Internet of Things.IEEE,2015:603-608.
[9] WANG S,ZAFER M,LEUNG K K.Online Placement of Multi-Component Applications in Edge Computing Environments[J].IEEE Access,2017,6:2514-2533.
[10] MAO Y,YOU C,ZHANG J.A Survey on Mobile Edge Computing:The Communication Perspective[J].IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2017,19(4):2322-2358.
[11] GUAN X,WAN X,WANG J,et al.Mobility aware partition of MEC regions in wireless metropolitan area networks[C]//IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops.IEEE,2018:1-2.
[12] SHI W,CAO J,ZHANG Q,et al.Edge Computing:Vision and Challenges[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2016,3(5):637-646.
[13] PATEL M,NAUGHTON B,CHAN C.Mobile-edge computing introductory technical white paper[C]//White Paper,Mobile-edge Computing (MEC) Industry Initiative.2014:1089-7801.
[14] BARBAROSSA S,SARDELLITTI S,LORENZO P D.Communicating While Computing:Distributed mobile cloud computing over 5G heterogeneous networks[J].IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2014,31(6):45-55.
[15] YI S,HAO Z,ZHANG Q,et al.LAVEA:Latency-Aware Video Analytics on Edge Computing Platform[C]//the 37th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems.IEEE,2017:2573-2574.
[16] MACH P,BECVAR Z.Mobile Edge Computing:A Survey onArchitecture and Computation Offloading[J].IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials,2017,19(3):1628-1656.
[17] KUMAR K,LIU J,LUY H.A Survey of Computation Offloading for Mobile Systems[J].Mobile Networks & Applications,2013,18(1):129-140.
[18] ZHAN Y,GUO S,LI P,et al.A Deep Reinforcement Learning based Offloading Game in Edge Computing[J].IEEE Transactions on Computers,2020,69(6):883-893.
[19] WANG J,ZHAO L,LIU J,et al.Kato.Smart Resource Allocation for Mobile Edge Computing:A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach[J/OL].IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing.[2020-02-02].https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8657791.
[20] SARDELLITTI S,SCUTARI G,BARBAROSSA S.Joint Optimization of Radio and Computational Resources for Multicell Mobile-Edge Computing[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks,2015,1(2):89-103.
[21] WEI Y,FAN L.A Survey on the Edge Computing for the Internet of Things[J].IEEE Access,2018,6:6900-6919.
[22] DONG S Q,LI H L,QU Y B,et al.Survey of Research on Computation Unloading Strategy in Mobile Edge Computing[J].Computer Science,2019,46(11):32-40.
[23] ZHAO H Y.Research on computation offloading in resource-constrained mobile-edge computing systems[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,2019.
[24] ABBAS N,ZHANG Y,TAHERKORDI A,et al.Mobile Edge Computing:A Survey[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2018,5(1):450-465.
[25] LYU X,TIAN H,NI W,et al.Energy-Efficient Admission of Delay-Sensitive Tasks for Mobile Edge Computing[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2018,66(6):2603-2616.
[26] SUO H,LIU Z,WAN J,et al.Security and privacy in mobile cloud computing[C]//the 9th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference.IEEE,2013:655-659.
[27] HE T,CIFTCIOGLU E N,WANG S,et al.Chan.Location Privacy in Mobile Edge Clouds:A Chaff-Based Approach[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2017,35(11):2625-2636.
[28] SHIRAZI S N,GOUGLIDIS A,FARSHAD A,et al.The Ex-tended Cloud:Review and Analysis of Mobile Edge Computing and Fog From a Security and Resilience Perspective[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2017,35(11):2586-2595.
[29] TRAN T X,POMPILI D.Joint Task Offloading and Resource Allocation for Multi-Server Mobile-Edge Computing Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2019,68(1):856-868.
[30] OJIMA T,FUJII T.Resource management for mobile edge computing using user mobility prediction[C]//International Conference on Information Networking.IEEE,2018:718-720.
[31] OUYANG T,ZHOU Z,CHEN X.Follow Me at the Edge:Mobility-Aware Dynamic Service Placement for Mobile Edge Computing[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2018,36(10):2333-2345.
[32] DINH T Q,TANG J,LA Q D,et al.Offloading in Mobile Edge Computing:Task Allocation and Computational Frequency Scaling[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2017,65(8):3571-3584.
[33] FAN W,LIU Y,TANG B,et al.Computation Offloading Based on Cooperations of Mobile Edge Computing-Enabled Base Stations[J].IEEE Access,2018,6:22622-22633.
[34] MOGI R,NAKAYAMA T,ASAKA T.Load Balancing Method for IoT Sensor System Using Multi-access Edge Computing[C]//The Sixth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops.IEEE,2018:75-78.
[35] KAEWPUANG R,NIYATO D,WANG P,et al.A Framework for Cooperative Resource Management in Mobile Cloud Computing[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2013,31(12):2685-2700.
[36] YU R,DING J,MAHARJAN S,et al.Decentralized and Optimal Resource Cooperation in Geo-Distributed Mobile Cloud Computing[J].IEEE Transactions on Emerging Topics in Computing,2018,6(1):72-84.
[37] FAN Q,ANSARI N.Towards Workload Balancing in Fog Computing Empowered IoT[J].IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering,2020,7(1):253-262.
[38] DONG Y,XU G,DING Y,et al.A ‘Joint-Me' Task Deployment Strategy for Load Balancing in Edge Computing[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:99658-99669.
[39] YANG L,YAO H,WANG J,et al.Multi-UAV Enabled Load-Balance Mobile Edge Computing for IoT Networks[J/OL].IEEE Internet of Things Journal.[2020-02-16].https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=8981986.
[40] SAMANTA A,LI Y.Time-to-think:Optimal economic considerations in mobile edge computing[C]//IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops.IEEE,2018:1-2.
[41] WANG Q,GUO S,LIU J,et al.Profit Maximization Incentive Mechanism for Resource Providers in Mobile Edge Computing[J/OL].IEEE Transactions on Services Computing.[2020-02-17].https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8744396.
[42] SUNDAR S,LIANG B.Offloading Dependent Tasks with Communication Delay and Deadline Constraint[C]//Conference on Computer Communications.IEEE,2018:37-45.
[43] FENG W,YANG C,ZHOU X.Multi-User and Multi-Task Offloading Decision Algorithms Based on Imbalanced Edge Cloud[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:95970-95977.
[44] ZHANG K,MAO Y,LENG S,et al.Delay constrained offloading for Mobile Edge Computing in cloud-enabled vehicular networks[C]//the 8th International Workshop on Resilient Networks Design and Modeling.IEEE,2016:288-294.
[45] YU R,HUANG X,KANG J.Cooperative Resource Manage-ment in Cloud-Enabled Vehicular Networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2015,62(12):7938-7951.
[46] ZHANG Y,ZHANG K,CAO J Y.Internet of vehicles empowered by edge intelligence[J].Chinese Journal on Internet of Things,2018,2(4):44-52.
[47] ZHOU Z,CHEN X,LI E,et al.Zhang.Edge Intelligence:Paving the Last Mile of Artificial Intelligence With Edge Computing[J].Proceedings of the IEEE,2019,107(8):1738-1762.
[48] YU S,WANG X,LANGAR R.Computation offloading for mobile edge computing:A deep learning approach[C]//the 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal,Indoor,and Mobile Radio Communications.IEEE,2017:1-6.
[49] LIU X,YU J,WANG J,et al.Resource Allocation with Edge Computing in IoT Networks via Machine Learning[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2020,7(4):3415-3426.
[50] LIU J,MAO Y,ZHANG J,et al.Delay-optimal computation task scheduling for mobile-edge computing systems[C]//IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory.IEEE,2016:1451-1455.
[51] JIA M,CAO J,YANG L.Heuristic offloading of concurrenttasks for computation-intensive applications in mobile cloud computing [C]//IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops.IEEE,2014:352-357.
[52] XU X,LI D,DAI Z,et al.A Heuristic Offloading Method for Deep Learning Edge Services in 5G Networks[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:67734-67744.
[53] SHU C,ZHAO Z,HAN Y,et al.Multi-User Offloading for Edge Computing Networks:A Dependency-Aware and Latency-Optimal Approach[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2020,7(3):1678-1689.
[54] WU Y,QIAN L P,NI K,et al.Delay-Minimization Nonorthogonal Multiple Access Enabled Multi-User Mobile Edge Computation Offloading[J].IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing,2019,13(3):392-407.
[55] DAB B,AITSAADI N,LANGAR R.Joint Optimization of Offloading and Resource Allocation Scheme for Mobile Edge Computing[C]//IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference.IEEE,2019:1-7.
[56] ZHAO P,TIAN H,QIN C,et al.Energy-Saving Offloading by Jointly Allocating Radio and Computational Resources for Mobile Edge Computing[J].IEEE Access,2017,5:11255-11268.
[57] ZHANG P,YANG J,FAN R.Energy-efficient Mobile EdgeComputation Offloading with Multiple Base Stations[C]//The 15th International Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing Conference.IEEE,2019:255-259.
[58] ZHANG K,MAO Y,LENG S.Energy-Efficient Offloading for Mobile Edge Computing in 5G Heterogeneous Networks[J].IEEE Access,2016,4:5896-5907.
[59] YANG L,ZHANG H,LI M,et al.Mobile Edge Computing Empowered Energy Efficient Task Offloading in 5G[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2018,67(7):6398-6409.
[60] WANG F,XU J,DING Z.Optimized Multiuser Computation Offloading with Multi-Antenna NOMA[C]//IEEE Globecom Workshops.IEEE,2017:1-7.
[61] WANG F,XU J,DING Z.Multi-Antenna NOMA for Computation Offloading in Multiuser Mobile Edge Computing Systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Communications,2019,67(3):2450-2463.
[62] LIN Z,LAI Y,GAO X,et al.Data gathering in urban vehicular network based on daily movement patterns[C]//the 11th International Conference on Computer Science & Education.IEEE,2016:641-646.
[63] JAISWAL R K,JAIDHAR C D.Location prediction algorithm for a nonlinear vehicular movement in VANET using extended Kalman filter[J].Wireless Networks,2017,23(7):2021-2036.
[64] ZHANG C,ZHENG Z.Task migration for mobile edge computing using deep reinforcement learning[J].Future Generation Computer Systems,2019,96:111-118.
[65] ZHANG J,GUO H,LIU J,et al.Task Offloading in Vehicular Edge Computing Networks:A Load-Balancing Solution[J].IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology,2020,69(2):2092-2104.
[66] BOUKERCHE A,SOTO V.An Efficient Mobility-Oriented Retrieval Protocol for Computation Offloading in Vehicular Edge Multi-Access Network[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2018,21(6):2675-2688.
[67] WANG S,GUO Y,ZHANG N,et al.Delay-aware Microservice Coordination in Mobile Edge Computing:A Reinforcement Learning Approach [J/OL].IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing.[2020-04-20].https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8924682.
[68] LIANG L,XIAO J,REN Z,et al.Particle Swarm Based Service Migration Scheme in the Edge Computing Environment[J].IEEE Access,2020,8:45596-45606.
[69] XU X,GU R,DAI F,et al.Multi-objective computation offloading for Internet of Vehicles in cloud-edge computing[J].Wireless Networks,2020,26(3):1611-1629.
[70] DING Y,LIU C,ZHOU X,et al.A Code-Oriented Partitioning Computation Offloading Strategy for Multiple Users and Multiple Mobile Edge Computing Servers[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2020,16(7):4800-4810.
[71] YANG T,FENG H,GAO S,et al.Two-Stage Offloading Optimization for Energy-Latency Tradeoff With Mobile Edge Computing in Maritime Internet of Things[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2020,7(7):5954-5963.
[72] LI S L,DU J B,ZHAI D S,et al.Yu.Task offloading,load balancing,and resource allocation in MEC networks[J].IET Communications,2020,14(9):1451-1458.
[73] HUANG M,LIU W,WANG T,et al.A Cloud-MEC Collaborative Task Offloading Scheme With Service Orchestration[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2020,7(7):5792-5805.
[74] LIAO R F,WEN H,WU J,et al.Security Enhancement for Mobile Edge Computing Through Physical Layer Authentication[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:116390-116401.
[75] JIA X,HE D,KUMAR N,et al.A Provably Secure and Efficient Identity-Based Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Mobile Edge Computing[J].IEEE Systems Journal,2020,14(1):560-571.
[76] ABUARQOUB A.D-FAP:Dual-Factor Authentication Protocol for Mobile Cloud Connected Devices[J].Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks,2020,9(1):1.
[77] FENG J,YU F R,PEI Q,et al.Cooperative Computation Offloading and Resource Allocation for Blockchain-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing:A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach[J].IEEE Internet of Things Journal,2019,7(7):6214-6228.
[78] XU X,ZHANG X,GAO H,et al.BeCome:Blockchain-Enabled Computation Offloading for IoT in Mobile Edge Computing[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,2020,16(6):4187-4195.
[79] WANG S,YE D,HUANG X,et al.Consortium Blockchain for Secure Resource Sharing in Vehicular Edge Computing:A Contract-based Approach[J/OL].IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering.[2020-08-14].https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9123565.
[80] LIAO H,MU Y,ZHOU Z,et al.Blockchain and Learning-Based Secure and Intelligent Task Offloading for Vehicular Fog Computing[J/OL].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems.[2020-08-14].https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9145846.
[1] YU Bin, LI Xue-hua, PAN Chun-yu, LI Na. Edge-Cloud Collaborative Resource Allocation Algorithm Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(7): 248-253.
[2] TANG Feng, FENG Xiang, YU Hui-qun. Multi-task Cooperative Optimization Algorithm Based on Adaptive Knowledge Transfer andResource Allocation [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(7): 254-262.
[3] ZHANG Chong-yu, CHEN Yan-ming, LI Wei. Task Offloading Online Algorithm for Data Stream Edge Computing [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(7): 263-270.
[4] LI Meng-fei, MAO Ying-chi, TU Zi-jian, WANG Xuan, XU Shu-fang. Server-reliability Task Offloading Strategy Based on Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(7): 271-279.
[5] ZHANG Xi-ran, LIU Wan-ping, LONG Hua. Dynamic Model and Analysis of Spreading of Botnet Viruses over Internet of Things [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 738-743.
[6] FANG Tao, YANG Yang, CHEN Jia-xin. Optimization of Offloading Decisions in D2D-assisted MEC Networks [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 601-605.
[7] LIU Zhang-hui, ZHENG Hong-qiang, ZHANG Jian-shan, CHEN Zhe-yi. Computation Offloading and Deployment Optimization in Multi-UAV-Enabled Mobile Edge Computing Systems [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6A): 619-627.
[8] XIE Wan-cheng, LI Bin, DAI Yue-yue. PPO Based Task Offloading Scheme in Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface-assisted Edge Computing [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6): 3-11.
[9] ZHOU Tian-qing, YUE Ya-li. Multi-Task and Multi-Step Computation Offloading in Ultra-dense IoT Networks [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6): 12-18.
[10] DONG Dan-dan, SONG Kang. Performance Analysis on Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Two-way Internet of Things Communication System [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6): 19-24.
[11] QIU Xu, BIAN Hao-bu, WU Ming-xiao, ZHU Xiao-rong. Study on Task Offloading Algorithm for Internet of Vehicles on Highway Based on 5G MillimeterWave Communication [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6): 25-31.
[12] XU Hao, CAO Gui-jun, YAN Lu, LI Ke, WANG Zhen-hong. Wireless Resource Allocation Algorithm with High Reliability and Low Delay for Railway Container [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6): 39-43.
[13] Ran WANG, Jiang-tian NIE, Yang ZHANG, Kun ZHU. Clustering-based Demand Response for Intelligent Energy Management in 6G-enabled Smart Grids [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(6): 44-54.
[14] SHEN Jia-fang, QIAN Li-ping, YANG Chao. Non-orthogonal Multiple Access and Multi-dimension Resource Optimization in EH Relay NB-IoT Networks [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(5): 279-286.
[15] ZHANG Zhen-chao, LIU Ya-li, YIN Xin-chun. New Certificateless Generalized Signcryption Scheme for Internet of Things Environment [J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(3): 329-337.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!