计算机科学

计算机科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10): 282-289.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.191000057

所属专题： 信息安全 虚拟专题

• 信息安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

区块链新技术综述:图型区块链和分区型区块链

张长贵, 张岩峰, 李晓华, 聂铁铮, 于戈   

  1. 东北大学计算机科学与工程学院 沈阳110169
  • 收稿日期:2019-10-11 修回日期:2020-03-23 出版日期:2020-10-15 发布日期:2020-10-16
  • 通讯作者: 于戈(yuge@mail.neu.edu.cn)
  • 作者简介:741454897@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(61672141,61672142,61991404,U1811261),中央高校基本科研业务费(N171606005,N181605017,N181604016),辽宁省科学技术基金(20180550321)

Survey of New Blockchain Techniques:DAG Based Blockchain and Sharding Based Blockchain

ZHANG Chang-gui, ZHANG Yan-feng, LI Xiao-hua, NIE Tie-zheng, YU Ge   

  1. School of Computer Science and Engineering,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110169,China
  • Received:2019-10-11 Revised:2020-03-23 Online:2020-10-15 Published:2020-10-16
  • About author:ZHANG Chang-gui,born in 1996,postgraduate.His main research interests include blockchain technology and storage system.
    YU Ge,born in 1962,professor,is a member of China Computer Federation.His main research interests include distributed system and big data management.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(61672141,61672142,61991404,U1811261),Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (N171606005,N181605017,N181604016) and Science and Technology Foundation of Liaoning Pro-vince,China(20180550321)

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摘要： 区块链是一种创新性分布式账本技术,在金融、征信、审计等众多重要领域具有广泛的应用前景。但是,现有的基于比特币风格的分布式账本系统在可伸缩性、吞吐率、交易确认延迟等方面遇到了提升瓶颈。为此,业界提出了基于有向无环图(Directed Acyclic Graph,DAG)结构和基于分区(Sharding)的两种新型区块链技术,它们通过改变系统的数据结构和存储结构来弥补区块链的原生缺陷,从而得到更高的伸缩性和更大的吞吐量。文中综述了典型的DAG型区块链系统(如NXT,Byteball等)和分区型区块链系统(Elastico,RapidChain等),分别介绍了这两种新型区块链技术的发展现状,详细分析了系统模型、数据结构以及共识机制等关键技术,总结和比较了现有各类区块链技术的特点,指出了有待解决的技术挑战与未来的研究方向。

关键词: DAG型区块链, 分布式账本, 分区型区块链, 共识机制, 区块链

Abstract: Blockchain is an innovative distributed ledger technology with wide application prospects in many important fields such as finance,credit reporting and auditing.However,the existing bitcoin-style distributed ledger systems have already encountered bottlenecks in terms of scalability,throughput,and transaction confirmation latency.To address these problems,researchers have proposed two new blockchain techniques.One is based on Directed Acyclic Graph(DAG) structure,and the other one is based on Shardind.They employ new data structure and new storage structure to overcome the native limitations and get better scalability and higher throughput.This paper reviews the state-of-the-art DAG-based blockchain systems (e.g. NXT,Byteball,etc)and sharding-based blockchain systems (e.g.,Elastico,RapidChain,etc).It analyzes the key components of these systems,including system storage structures,data structures,and consensus protocols.It also compares these blockchain techniques,and summarizes the challenges and future research directions.

Key words: Blockchain, Consensus mechanism, Directed acyclic graph blockchain, Distributed ledger, Sharding-based blockchain

中图分类号: 

  • TP315
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