计算机科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (5): 333-340.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.210400154
任畅1,2, 赵洪1, 蒋华1,2
REN Chang1,2, ZHAO Hong1, JIANG Hua1,2
摘要： 针对经典区块链共识机制面临量子计算机攻击的问题,提出了一种量子安全拜占庭容错共识机制。首先,对于公钥数字签名存在的安全隐患问题,采用QKD网络进行量子密钥分发,通过经典网络传输消息和签名等信息,提出了一种基于量子密钥分发(Quantum Key Distribution,QKD)和多线性哈希函数族的无条件安全签名方案(Multilinear Hash-Unconditionally Secure Signature,MH-USS),该方案中的签名具备不可伪造性、不可抵赖性以及可传递性,并且该方案可在现有设备上实现,具有较高的实用价值。然后,针对经典拜占庭容错共识机制PBFT共识效率相对较低的问题,提出了一种QS-BFT(Quantum-Secured Byzantine Fault Tolerance)共识机制。最后,通过增设“快速-标准”双共识模式以及允许节点对空区块投票的方式,减少系统通信次数并消除视图转换过程,使方案不仅具备安全性与活性,还能够有效降低消息复杂度,提高共识效率。对所提方案进行仿真实现与性能测试,结果表明,与改进后基于MH-USS签名方案的PBFT共识机制相比,所提方案吞吐量更高、时延更短。
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