支持分片内多轮PBFT验证算法的状态同步方案

doi:10.11896/jsjkx.211000125

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 分片是区块链扩容的链上解决方案之一,其中的状态分片可以在不降低安全性的前提下解决公链可扩展性问题。在状态分片中,每个分片只存储部分状态,若采用实用拜占庭容错(Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance protocol,PBFT)共识算法,即使总体拜占庭节点比例不超过1/3,随机分配到单个分片内的拜占庭节点的比例也存在一定概率超过1/3,导致分片共识失效。因此分片内节点需要定期在不同分片间重新分配,并采用时隙较小的多轮PBFT验证算法可以有效解决这个问题。但是无状态节点难以有效工作,新加入的节点需要同步分片的状态。为此,提出了适应于多轮PBFT验证共识算法的基于候补节点序列的状态同步方案,完成状态同步的节点先进入候补节点序列,为每一轮PBFT共识验证提供不同的共识验证节点。同时,在状态同步过程中,节点根据其历史行为记录获得相应的积分,后续可根据节点积分对算法进行优化。实验结果表明,所提方案在解决状态同步问题的同时,提高了节点共识验证效率,提升了系统的吞吐量。

关键词: 区块链, 状态分片, 状态同步, 多轮验证, PBFT

Abstract: Sharding is one of the on-chain solutions for blockchain scalability.State sharding can solve the scalability problem of the public chain without reducing security.Each state sharding only maintains a part of the state.There is a certain probability that the proportion of Byzantine nodes will exceed one third in a single sharding,even if the probability of Byzantine nodes is no more than one third in all nodes with PBFT consensus algorithm,resulting in the failure of verifying the consensus.Therefore,the nodes in the sharding need to be reconfigured periodically,and multi-round PBFT consensus verification algorithm with small time slots can effectively solve this problem.However,stateless nodes cannot work effectively,and new nodes need to synchronize the state of the sharding.The state synchronization scheme based on candidate nodes queue for multi-round PBFT consensus verification algorithm is proposed to solve this problem.Nodes that are in synchronized state first enter the queue of candidate nodes,and different candidate nodes are provided for each round of PBFT consensus verification.At the same time,a node gets a corresponding credits based on its historical behavior record during status synchronization to help optimizing the subsequent algorithm.Finally,experiment shows that the proposed scheme not only solves the problem of state synchronization,but also improves the efficiency of consensus verification and the throughput of the system.

Key words: Blockchain, State sharding, State synchronization, Multiple rounds verification, PBFT

中图分类号:

TP311

高冬雪, 李志淮, 段培培, 陈玉华. 支持分片内多轮PBFT验证算法的状态同步方案[J]. 计算机科学, 2022, 49(11A): 211000125-7. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.211000125

GAO Dong-xue, LI Zhi-huai, DUAN Pei-pei, CHEN Yu-hua. State Synchronization Scheme Supporting Multiple Rounds of PBFT VerificationAlgorithm in Sharding[J]. Computer Science, 2022, 49(11A): 211000125-7. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.211000125

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