计算机科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (11): 302-308.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.210800109

• 计算机网络 • 上一篇    下一篇

利用状态归约的分片负载均衡方法

陈静, 李志淮, 高冬雪, 李敏   

  1. 大连海事大学信息科学技术学院 辽宁 大连 116026
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-12 修回日期:2022-03-02 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2022-11-03
  • 通讯作者: 李志淮(qhlee@dlmu.edu.cn)

Shard Load Balancing Method Using State Reduction

CHEN Jing, LI Zhi-huai, GAO Dong-xue, LI Min   

  1. School of Information Science and Technology,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian,Liaoning 116026,China
  • Received:2021-08-12 Revised:2022-03-02 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2022-11-03
  • About author:CHEN Jing,born in 1995,postgraduate.Her main research interests include blockchain technology and so on.
    LI Zhi-huai,born in 1964,professor.His main research interests include blockchain technology and network information security.

摘要: 分片技术是解决区块链可扩展性问题的核心技术之一。当将P2P网络中的交易按规则汇集到既定分片,且验证节点随机均衡分配到各分片后,由于个别分片的交易验证负载可能远远超过平均负载,因此该分片内的交易可能会拥堵。为了解决分片间的负载不均衡,提出了利用状态归约的分片负载均衡方法。首先,给出了状态归约模型,允许性能高的节点存储更多的相邻状态,并据此将节点性能做出粗略分类;然后,根据每一时隙的交易验证情况将未经验证的交易作为剩余负载,并将其作为调整下一时隙分片内验证能力的依据;最后,对节点进行评分、等级划分,根据剩余负载、共识验证节点集合的平均评分,给出节点选取策略,合理且随机分配节点,并对高负载分片的剩余负载向上归约。实验结果表明,利用状态归约的分片负载均衡方法在不降低单个分片的交易验证率的基础上,有效处理了个别分片的异常过载。

关键词: 区块链, 分片, 状态归约, 负载均衡, 状态同步, PBFT

Abstract: Sharding technology is one of the core technologies to solve the scalability problem of blockchain.When transactions in the P2P network are aggregated into established shards according to the rules,and the verification nodes are randomly and evenly distributed to each shard,the transactions in this shard may be congested because the transaction verification load of individual shard may far exceed the average load.In order to solve the load imbalance between shards,a shard load balancing method using state reduction is proposed.Firstly,the state reduction model is given,which allows high-performance nodes to store more adjacent states,and the node performance is roughly classified according to this model.Secondly,according to the transaction verification situation in each timeslot,unverified transactions are taken as the remaining load,which is used as the basis for adjusting the verification ability in the next timeslot.Finally,the nodes are scored and graded,and the node selection strategy is given based on the remaining load and the average score of the consensus verification node set.Nodes are allocated reasonably and randomly,and the remaining loads of high load fragments are reduced upward.Experimental verification shows that the shard load balancing method using state reduction effectively balances the unusual load of one shard without reducing the transaction verification rate of a single shard.

Key words: Blockchain, Sharding, State reduction, Load balancing, State synchronization, PBFT

中图分类号: 

  • TP311
[1]NAKAMOTO S.Bitcoin:A peer-to-peer electronic cash system[J].Journal for General Philosophy of Science,2008,39(1):53-67.
[2]SUN Z X,ZHANG X,XIANG F,et al.Survey of Storage Sca-lability on Blockchain [J].Journal of Software,2021,32(1):1-20.
[3]LI Y,MEN J B,YU H,et al.Overview of Blockchain Capacity Expansion Technology[J].Electric Power Information and Communication Technology,2020,18(6):1-9.
[4]WILK A,IYENGAR J,SWETT I,et al.QUIC:A UDP-Based Secure and Reliable Transport for HTTP/2[J/OL].https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-tsvwg-quic-protocol-02.
[5]YU G,WANG X,YU K,et al.Survey:Sharding in Blockchains[J].IEEE Access,2020,8:14155-14181.
[6]DANG H,DINH T,LOGHIN D,et al.Towards Scaling Blockchain Systems via Sharding[C]//Proceedings of the 2019 International Conference on Management of Data.New York,Asso-ciation for Computing Machinery.2019:123-140.
[7]GAI K K,HU Z Y,ZHU L H,et al.Blockchain Meets DAG:A BlockDAG Consensus Mechanism[C]//ICA3PP 2020.New York,Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing,2020:110-125.
[8]AMRITRAJ S,KELLY C,REZA M.Sidechain technologies inblockchain networks:An examination and state-of-the-art review[J].Journal of Network and Computer Applications,2020,149(102471):1-16.
[9]LI G,HUANG Y M,ZHENG G P,et al.Technical Prospect of Raiden Network in Electric Vehicle Charging Transaction[J].Electric Power Construction,2018,39(9):78-86.
[10]LUU L,NARAYANAN V,ZHENG C,et al.A Secure Sharding Protocol For Open Blockchains[C]//The 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference.ACM,2016.
[11]ZAMANI M,MOVAHEDI M,RAYKOVA M.RapidChain:Scaling Blockchain via Full Sharding[C]//The 2018 ACM SIGSAC Conference.ACM,2018.
[12]DANNEN C.Introducing Ethereum and solidity[M].Berkeley:Apress,2017.
[13]BACH L M,MIHALJEVIC B,ZAGAR M.Comparative analysis of blockchain consensus algorithms[C]//2018 41st International Convention on Information and Communication Technology,Electronics and Microelectronics(MIPRO).2018:1545-1550.
[14]TIAN G H,HU Y H,CHEN X F.Research progress on attack and defense techniques in block-chain system[J].Journal of Software,2021,32(5):1495-1525.
[15]SUKHWANI H,MARTÍNEZ J M,CHANG X,et al.Perfor-mance Modeling of PBFT Consensus Process for Permissioned Blockchain Network(Hyperledger Fabric)[C]//2017 IEEE 36th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems(SRDS).2017,253-255.
[16]LIU Y,LIU J,HEI Y,et al.A Secure Shard Reconfiguration Protocol for Sharding Blockchains Without a Randomness[C]//TrustCom 2020.Guangzhou,Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications,2020:1012-1019.
[17]YUN J,GOH Y,CHUNG J M.Trust-Based Shard Distribution Scheme for Fault-Tolerant Shard Blockchain Networks[J].IEEE Access,2019,7:135164-135175.
[18]ALDAKHEEL J S,ALAHMAD M A,FOUDERY A A.Comparison Between Bitcoin and Quarkchain[J].Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience,2019,16(3):818-822.
[19]LI M,LI Z H,BAI B,et al.Multi-Round Balancing Verification Scheme for Sharding Load[J].Computer Science and Application,2021,11(1):45-55.
[20]GOYAL R,HOHENBERGER S,KOPPULA V,et al.A Gene-ric Approach to Constructing and Proving Verifiable Random Functions[C]// TCC 2017.Baltimore:Springer,2017:537-566.
[1] 王子凯, 朱健, 张伯钧, 胡凯.
区块链与智能合约并行方法研究与实现
Research and Implementation of Parallel Method in Blockchain and Smart Contract
计算机科学, 2022, 49(9): 312-317. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210800102
[2] 田真真, 蒋维, 郑炳旭, 孟利民.
基于服务器集群的负载均衡优化调度算法
Load Balancing Optimization Scheduling Algorithm Based on Server Cluster
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 639-644. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210800071
[3] 李博, 向海昀, 张宇翔, 廖浩德.
面向食品溯源场景的PBFT优化算法应用研究
Application Research of PBFT Optimization Algorithm for Food Traceability Scenarios
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 723-728. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210800018
[4] 周航, 姜河, 赵琰, 解相朋.
适用于各单元共识交易的电力区块链系统优化调度研究
Study on Optimal Scheduling of Power Blockchain System for Consensus Transaction ofEach Unit
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 771-776. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210600241
[5] 傅丽玉, 陆歌皓, 吴义明, 罗娅玲.
区块链技术的研究及其发展综述
Overview of Research and Development of Blockchain Technology
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 447-461. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210600214
[6] 高健博, 张家硕, 李青山, 陈钟.
RegLang:一种面向监管的智能合约编程语言
RegLang:A Smart Contract Programming Language for Regulation
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 462-468. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210700016
[7] 毛典辉, 黄晖煜, 赵爽.
符合监管合规性的自动合成新闻检测方法研究
Study on Automatic Synthetic News Detection Method Complying with Regulatory Compliance
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6A): 523-530. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210300083
[8] 王思明, 谭北海, 余荣.
面向6G可信可靠智能的区块链分片与激励机制
Blockchain Sharding and Incentive Mechanism for 6G Dependable Intelligence
计算机科学, 2022, 49(6): 32-38. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.220400004
[9] 孙浩, 毛瀚宇, 张岩峰, 于戈, 徐石成, 何光宇.
区块链跨链技术发展及应用
Development and Application of Blockchain Cross-chain Technology
计算机科学, 2022, 49(5): 287-295. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210800132
[10] 阳真, 黄松, 郑长友.
基于区块链与改进CP-ABE的众测知识产权保护技术研究
Study on Crowdsourced Testing Intellectual Property Protection Technology Based on Blockchain and Improved CP-ABE
计算机科学, 2022, 49(5): 325-332. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210900075
[11] 任畅, 赵洪, 蒋华.
一种量子安全拜占庭容错共识机制
Quantum Secured-Byzantine Fault Tolerance Blockchain Consensus Mechanism
计算机科学, 2022, 49(5): 333-340. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210400154
[12] 高捷, 刘沙, 黄则强, 郑天宇, 刘鑫, 漆锋滨.
基于国产众核处理器的深度神经网络算子加速库优化
Deep Neural Network Operator Acceleration Library Optimization Based on Domestic Many-core Processor
计算机科学, 2022, 49(5): 355-362. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210500226
[13] 冯了了, 丁滟, 刘坤林, 马科林, 常俊胜.
区块链BFT共识算法研究进展
Research Advance on BFT Consensus Algorithms
计算机科学, 2022, 49(4): 329-339. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210700011
[14] 王鑫, 周泽宝, 余芸, 陈禹旭, 任昊文, 蒋一波, 孙凌云.
一种面向电能量数据的联邦学习可靠性激励机制
Reliable Incentive Mechanism for Federated Learning of Electric Metering Data
计算机科学, 2022, 49(3): 31-38. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210700195
[15] 张潆藜, 马佳利, 刘子昂, 刘新, 周睿.
以太坊Solidity智能合约漏洞检测方法综述
Overview of Vulnerability Detection Methods for Ethereum Solidity Smart Contracts
计算机科学, 2022, 49(3): 52-61. https://doi.org/10.11896/jsjkx.210700004
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!