Computer Science ›› 2025, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 320-329.doi: 10.11896/jsjkx.241200129

• Computer Software • Previous Articles     Next Articles

MDGRec:Multi-relation Aware Third-party Library Recommendation with Dual Graph NeuralNetworks for Mobile Application Development

CHEN Yuhan, WANG Jian, LI Duantengchuan, ZHENG Chao, LI Bing   

  1. School of Computer Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China
  • Received:2024-12-17 Revised:2025-03-24 Online:2025-11-15 Published:2025-11-06
  • About author:CHEN Yuhan,born in 1999,postgra-duate.His main research interests include recommender systems,software engineering and service computing.
    LI Bing,born in 1969,Ph.D,professor,Ph.D supervisor,is a distinguished member of CCF(No.06539D).His main research interests include software engineering,service computing and artificial intelligence.
  • Supported by:
    Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62032016).

Abstract: Third-party library(TPL)recommendation systems are designed to help developers select suitable libraries,thus improving the efficiency of mobile application(App) development.Most existing methods based on graph neural networks typically propagate information for both App and TPL nodes within a single heterogeneous interaction graph,leading to issues of data imbalance and feature confusion,limiting the recommendation accuracy.Moreover,these methods often fail to account for the complex relationships inherent in the context of TPL recommendation.To overcome these limitations,this paper proposes a multi-relation aware third-party library recommendation method with dual graph neural networks for mobile application development(MDGRec).The model employs a dual graph structure to separately model Apps and TPLs,generating distinct embeddings.Based on this,the model incorporates multiple relationships and uses adaptive weights to capture the contribution of each relation in information propagation,constructing fine-grained node representations.Experimental results on two real-world datasets show that the proposed model surpasses mainstream baselines across all metrics.

Key words: Recommender systems, Graph neural network, Multi-relation, Third-party library, Mobile application

CLC Number: 

  • TP311
[1]LI M H,WANG W,WANG P,et al.Libd:Scalable and precise third-party library detection in android markets[C]//2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering(ICSE).New York:IEEE,2017:335-346.
[2]BACKES M,BUGIEL S,DERR E.Reliable third-party library detection in android and its security applications[C]//Procee-dings of the 2016 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security.New York:ACM,2016:356-367.
[3]ZHAN X,LIU T M,FAN L L,et al.Research on third-party libraries in android apps:A taxonomy and systematic literature review[J].IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2021,48(10):4181-4213.
[4]ZHANG Y H,WANG J C,HUANG H X,et al.Understanding and conquering the difficulties in identifying third-party libraries from millions of android apps[J].IEEE Transactions on Big Data,2021,8(6):1511-1523.
[5]NGUYEN P T,DI ROCCO J,DI RUSCIO D,et al.CrossRec:Supporting software developers by recommending third-party libraries[J].Journal of Systems and Software,2020,161:110460.
[6]SALZA P,PALOMBA F,DI NUCCI D,et al.Third-party li-braries in mobile apps:When,how,and why developers update them[J].Empirical Software Engineering,2020,25:2341-2377.
[7]HENRIQUES H,LOURENÇO H,AMARAL V,et al.Improving the developer experience with a low-code process modelling language[C]//Proceedings of the 21th ACM/IEEE InternationalConference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems.New York:ACM,2018:200-210.
[8]THUNG F,LO D,LAWALL J.Automated library recommendation[C]//2013 20th Working Conference on Reverse Engineering(WCRE).New York:IEEE,2013:182-191.
[9]ZHAO X Q,LI S P,YU H,et al.Accurate library recommendation using combining collaborative filtering and topic model for mobile development[J].IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems,2019,102(3):522-536.
[10]LI B,HE Q,CHEN F F,et al.Embedding app-library graph for neural third party library recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 29th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering.New York:ACM,2021:466-477.
[11]JIN Y,ZHANG Y,ZHANG Y W.Neighbor Library-AwareGraph Neural Network for Third Party Library Recommendation[J].Tsinghua Science and Technology,2023,28(4):769-785.
[12]HE Q,LI B,CHEN F F,et al.Diversified third-party library prediction for mobile app development[J].IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2020,48(1):150-165.
[13]YU H,XIA X,ZHAO X Q,et al.Combining collaborative filtering and topic modeling for more accurate android mobile app library recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 9th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware.New York:ACM,2017:1-6.
[14]OUNI A,KULA R G,KESSENTINI M,et al.Search-basedsoftware library recommendation using multi-objective optimization[J].Information and Software Technology,2017,83:55-75.
[15]WANG X,HE X N,WANG M,et al.Neural graph collaborative filtering[C]//Proceedings of the 42nd international ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval.New York:ACM,2019:165-174.
[16]ZOU C M,FAN Z F.GELIBREC:Third-Party Libraries Recommendation Using Graph Neural Network[C]//International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications.Cham:Springer,2022:332-340.
[17]SU J,ZHAO T,WU J,et al.Graph Convolution Recommendation Algorithm Integrating Multi-relationship Preferences[C]//International Conference on Intelligent Computing.Singapore:Springer,2024:167-177.
[18]CHEN H,HE J,XU W,et al.Enhanced multi-relationships integration graph convolutional network for inferring substitutable and complementary items[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.Palo Alto,CA:AAAI,2023:4157-4165.
[19]SCHAFER J B,FRANKOWSKI D,HERLOCKER J,et al.Collaborative filtering recommender systems[M]//The Adaptive Web:Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization.Berlin:Springer,2007:291-324.
[20]HE X N,LIAO L Z,ZHANG H W,et al.Neural collaborative filtering[C]//Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web.New York:ACM,2017:173-182.
[21]REN Q,LI B,WANG J,et al.Hybrid Recommendation Method of Third-party Library for Mobile Application Development[J].Journal of Chinese Mini-Micro Computer Systems,2019,40(9):1809-1814.
[22]KOREN Y,BELL R,VOLINSKY C.Matrix factorization techniques for recommender systems[J].Computer,2009,42(8):30-37.
[23]RENDLE S,FREUDENTHALER C,GANTNER Z,et al.BPR:Bayesian personalized ranking from implicit feedback[J].arXiv:1205.2618,2012.
[24]FU S H,LIU W F,ZHANG K,et al.Semi-supervised classification by graph p-Laplacian convolutional networks[J].Information Sciences,2021,560:92-106.
[25]WU F,SOUZA A,ZHANG T Y,et al.Simplifying graph convolutional networks[C]//International Conference on Machine Learning.New York:PMLR,2019:6861-6871.
[26]MAO K L,ZHU J M,XIAO X,et al.UltraGCN:ultra simplification of graph convolutional networks for recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 30th ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management.New York:ACM,2021:1253-1262.
[27]FAN W Q,MA Y,LI Q,et al.Graph neural networks for social recommendation[C]//The World Wide Web Conference.New York:ACM,2019:417-426.
[28]HE X N,DENG K,WANG X,et al.Lightgcn:Simplifying and powering graph convolution network for recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the 43rd International ACM SIGIR conference on research and development in Information Retrieval.New York:ACM,2020:639-648.
[29]ZHAO J,ZHANG X,GAO C,et al.KG2Lib:knowledge-graph-based convolutional network for third-party library recommendation[J].The Journal of Supercomputing,2023,79(1):1-26.
[30]LI B,QUAN H,WANG J,et al.Neural Library Recommendation by Embedding Project-Library Knowledge Graph[J].IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,2024,50(6):1620-1638.
[31]ZHOU L,CHEN W Y,ZENG D Y,et al.DPGNN:Dual-perception graph neural network for representation learning[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2023,268:110377.
[32]LIU M,GAO H Y,JI S W.Towards deeper graph neural networks[C]//Proceedings of the 26th ACM SIGKDD InternationalConference on Knowledge Discovery & Data Mining.New York:ACM,2020:338-348.
[33]LI X,FU C F,ZHAO Z Y,et al.Dual-Channel Multiplex Graph Neural Networks for Recommendation[J].arXiv:2403.11624,2024.
[34]ZHANG R Y,MA H F,LI Q F,et al.Dual-view self-supervised co-training for knowledge graph recommendation[C]//International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications.Cham:Springer,2023:113-128.
[35]ZHUANG C Y,MA Q.Dual graph convolutional networks for graph-based semi-supervised classification[C]//Proceedings of the 2018 World Wide Web Conference.New York:ACM,2018:499-508.
[36]ZHANG Y,ZHANG Y W,ZHAO Y C,et al.Dual Variational Graph Reconstruction Learning for Social Recommendation[J].IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering,2024,36(11):6002-6015.
[37]LUO H,MENG X,WANG S,et al.Spectral-Based Graph Neural Networks for Complementary Item Recommendation[C]//Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.AAAI,2024:8868-8876.
[38]WU B,ZHONG L H,LI H,et al.Efficient complementary graphconvolutional network without negative sampling for item re-commendation[J].Knowledge-Based Systems,2022,256:109758.
[39]LI D T C,GAO Y X,WANG Z H,et al.Homogeneous graph neural networks for third-party library recommendation[J].Information Processing & Management,2024,61(6):103831.
[40]NGUYEN P T,RUBEI R,DI ROCCO J,et al.Dealing withPopularity Bias in Recommender Systems for Third-party Libraries:How far Are We?[C]//2023 IEEE/ACM 20th International Conference on Mining Software Repositories(MSR).New York:IEEE,2023:12-24.
[41]KINGMA D P.Adam:A method for stochastic optimization[J].arXiv:1412.6980,2014.
[42]GLOROT X,BENGIO Y.Understanding the difficulty of training deep feedforward neural networks[C]//Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics.New York:JMLR,2010:249-256.
[43]RONG Y,HUANG W B,XU T Y,et al.Dropedge:Towardsdeep graph convolutional networks on node classification[J].arXiv:1907.10903,2019.
[1] LI Yaru, WANG Qianqian, CHE Chao, ZHU Deheng. Graph-based Compound-Protein Interaction Prediction with Drug Substructures and Protein 3D Information [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(9): 71-79.
[2] WU Hanyu, LIU Tianci, JIAO Tuocheng, CHE Chao. DHMP:Dynamic Hypergraph-enhanced Medication-aware Model for Temporal Health EventPrediction [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(9): 88-95.
[3] SU Shiyu, YU Jiong, LI Shu, JIU Shicheng. Cross-domain Graph Anomaly Detection Via Dual Classification and Reconstruction [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(8): 374-384.
[4] TANG Boyuan, LI Qi. Review on Application of Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Network in PM2.5 ConcentrationForecasting [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(8): 71-85.
[5] GUO Husheng, ZHANG Xufei, SUN Yujie, WANG Wenjian. Continuously Evolution Streaming Graph Neural Network [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(8): 118-126.
[6] JIANG Kun, ZHAO Zhengpeng, PU Yuanyuan, HUANG Jian, GU Jinjing, XU Dan. Cross-modal Hypergraph Optimisation Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(7): 210-217.
[7] LUO Xuyang, TAN Zhiyi. Knowledge-aware Graph Refinement Network for Recommendation [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(7): 103-109.
[8] HAO Jiahui, WAN Yuan, ZHANG Yuhang. Research on Node Learning of Graph Neural Networks Fusing Positional and StructuralInformation [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(7): 110-118.
[9] LI Pengyan, WANG Baohui, YE Zihao. Study on Improvements of RippleNet Model Based on Representation Enhancement [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(6A): 240800142-9.
[10] ZHENG Chuangrui, DENG Xiuqin, CHEN Lei. Traffic Prediction Model Based on Decoupled Adaptive Dynamic Graph Convolution [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(6A): 240400149-8.
[11] TENG Minjun, SUN Tengzhong, LI Yanchen, CHEN Yuan, SONG Mofei. Internet Application User Profiling Analysis Based on Selection State Space Graph Neural Network [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(6A): 240900060-8.
[12] SHI Enyi, CHANG Shuyu, CHEN Kejia, ZHANG Yang, HUANG Haiping. BiGCN-TL:Bipartite Graph Convolutional Neural Network Transformer Localization Model for Software Bug Partial Localization Scenarios [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(6A): 250200086-11.
[13] QIAO Yu, XU Tao, ZHANG Ya, WEN Fengpeng, LI Qiangwei. Graph Neural Network Defect Prediction Method Combined with Developer Dependencies [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(6): 52-57.
[14] WANG Jinghong, WU Zhibing, WANG Xizhao, LI Haokang. Semantic-aware Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network Based on Multi-view RepresentationLearning [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(6): 167-178.
[15] HUANG Qian, SU Xinkai, LI Chang, WU Yirui. Hypergraph Convolutional Network with Multi-perspective Topology Refinement forSkeleton-based Action Recognition [J]. Computer Science, 2025, 52(5): 220-226.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!